利息理論 pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024


利息理論

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[美]菲歇爾
上海人民齣版社
陳彪如
1999
416
24.00
平裝
9787208032705

圖書標籤: 經濟學  利息理論  費雪  經濟  金融  利息  經濟學經典  菲歇爾   


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发表于2024-12-25

利息理論 epub 下載 mobi 下載 pdf 下載 txt 電子書 下載 2024

利息理論 epub 下載 mobi 下載 pdf 下載 txt 電子書 下載 2024

利息理論 pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024



圖書描述

費雪齣瞭這本書後,利息理論似乎就無須再討論瞭。好像亞裏斯多德講瞭三段論以後那樣。人類的思想進步中,類似的轉摺點並不多。翻譯上佳。

利息理論 下載 mobi epub pdf txt 電子書

著者簡介

Irving Fisher (1867-1947)

Irving Fisher was one of America's greatest mathematical economists and one of the clearest economics writers of all time. He had the intellect to use mathematics in virtually all his theories and the good sense to introduce it only after he had clearly explained the central principles in words. And he explained very well. Fisher's Theory of Interest is written so clearly that graduate economics students, who still study it today, often find that they can read—and understand—half the book in one sitting. With other writings in technical economics, this is unheard of.

Although he damaged his reputation by insisting throughout the Great Depression that recovery was imminent, contemporary economic models of interest and capital are based on Fisherian principles. Similarly, monetarism is founded on Fisher's principles of money and prices.

Fisher called interest "an index of a community's preference for a dollar of present [income] over a dollar of future income." He labeled his theory of interest the "impatience and opportunity" theory. Interest rates, Fisher postulated, result from the interaction of two forces: the "time preference" people have for capital now, and the investment opportunity principle (that income invested now will yield greater income in the future). This reasoning sounds very much like B鰄m-Bawerk's. Indeed, Fisher's Theory of Interest was dedicated to "the memory of John Rae and of Eugen von B鰄m-Bawerk, who laid the foundations upon which I have endeavored to build." But Fisher objected to B鰄m-Bawerk's idea that roundaboutness necessarily increases production. Instead, argued Fisher, at a positive interest rate, no one would ever choose a longer period unless it were more productive. So if we look at processes selected, we do find that longer periods are more productive. But, he argued, the length of the period does not in itself contribute to productivity.

Fisher defined capital as any asset that produces a flow of income over time. A flow of income, said Fisher, was distinct from the stock of capital that generated it. Capital and income are linked by the interest rate. Specifically, wrote Fisher, the value of capital is the present value of the flow of (net) income that the asset generates. This still is how economists think about capital and income today.

Fisher also opposed conventional income taxation and favored a tax on consumption to replace it. His position followed directly from his capital theory. When people save out of current income and then use the savings to invest in capital goods that yield income later, noted Fisher, they are being taxed on the income that they used to buy the capital goods and then are being taxed later on the income that the capital generates. This, he said, is double taxation of saving, and biases the tax code against saving and in favor of consumption. Fisher's reasoning is still used by economists today in making the case for consumption taxes.

Fisher was a pioneer in the construction and use of price indexes. James Tobin of Yale has called Fisher "the greatest expert of all time on index numbers." Indeed, from 1923 to 1936, his own Index Number Institute computed price indexes from all over the world.

Fisher was also the first economist to distinguish clearly between real and nominal interest rates. He pointed out that the real interest rate is equal to the nominal interest rate (the one we observe) minus the expected inflation rate. If the nominal interest rate is 12 percent, for example, but people expect inflation of 7 percent, then the real interest rate is only 5 percent. Again, this is still the basic understanding of modern economists.

Fisher laid out a more modern quantity theory of money (i.e., monetarism) than had been done before. He formulated his theory in terms of the Equation of Exchange, which says that MV = PT, where M equals the stock of money; V equals velocity, or how quickly money circulates in an economy; P equals the price level; and T equals the total volume of transactions. Again, modern economists still draw on this equation, although they usually use the version MV = Py, where y stands for real income.

The equation can be a very powerful tool for checking the consistency of one's thinking about the economy. Indeed, Reagan economist Beryl Sprinkel, who was Treasury undersecretary for monetary affairs in 1981, used this equation to criticize his colleague David Stockman's economic forecasts. Sprinkel pointed out that the only way Stockman's assumptions about the growth of income, the inflation rate, and the growth of the money supply could prove true would be if velocity increased faster than it ever had before. As it turned out, velocity actually declined.

Irving Fisher was born in upstate New York in 1867. He gained an eclectic education at Yale, studying science and philosophy. He published poetry and works on astronomy, mechanics, and geometry. But his greatest concentration was on mathematics and economics, the latter having no academic department at Yale. Nonetheless, Fisher earned the first Ph.D. in economics ever awarded by Yale. Upon graduation he stayed at Yale for the rest of his career.

A three-year struggle with tuberculosis beginning in 1898 left Fisher with a profound interest in health and hygiene. He took up vegetarianism and exercise and wrote a national best-seller titled How to Live: Rules for Healthful Living Based on Modern Science, whose value he demonstrated by living until age eighty. He campaigned for Prohibition, peace, and eugenics. He was founder or president of numerous associations and agencies, including the Econometric Society and the American Economic Association. He was also a successful inventor. In 1925 his firm, which held the patent on his "visible card index" system, merged with its main competitor to form what later was known as Remington Rand and then Sperry Rand. Although the merger made him very wealthy, he lost a large part of his wealth in the stock market crash of 1929.

Selected Works

The Nature of Capital and Income. 1906.

The Purchasing Power of Money. 1911.

The Purchasing Power of Money, new and revised edition, 1922.

The Rate of Interest. 1907.

The Theory of Interest. 1930.

"Dollar Stabilization." Encyclopedia Britannica. vol. XXX, pp. 852-853. 1921.


圖書目錄


利息理論 pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載
想要找書就要到 小哈圖書下載中心
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用戶評價

評分

簡介已經是至高的評價瞭 最適閤講利率的莫過於費雪桑瞭

評分

純粹為瞭寫作業……

評分

抽耳光也要讀的書

評分

看瞭前半部分,不得不說很多內容非常精闢,到瞭後人無法達到的程度。

評分

利息起源於人性不耐也。 前幾章是精髓! 說沒看過此書的人不能說懂經濟學確實不誇張!

讀後感

評分

評分

关于LPR的选择,之前写了篇短文,其中提到,如果看好中国经济,LPR肯定向下,所以换成LPR肯定是有利的。当时以资本逐利来进行解释:经济向好,实体经济活跃,投资回报率高,资本追逐高回报,利率自然向下。其实解释得很牵强,完全没有把内在逻辑说清楚。 在经济学的框架里,利...  

評分

开篇即达核心:利率,生产,借贷,凡此种种,都归结到人的收入,而人的收入又以精神享受来决定。 从不耐的角度讨论了财富的传承。 不耐者无法保存短期财富收获远期财富,从而变得越来越贫穷。反之则会变富。 然而富者在隔代传承时却又会增长对消费的不耐,从而存在损失财富的...

評分

this book is charaterized by its beautiful words and penetrating ideas so that ones who in fact don't understand its content even dare to believe they do  

評分

在这里谈利息理论,感觉特别过瘾。正是知道有很多不同意见,才有必要直陈自己的心得。认为联储不能操纵经济走势的经济学者数之不尽,而在对利息的精准理解上,与我相同的则至少包括阿尔钦(A. A. Alchian)和拉发(A. B. Laffer)。我更相信,这知识的源头来自上世纪初奥地利...  

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