Preface xiii
         PART 1: UNDERSTANDING MARKETING AND
         1.THE MARKETING PROCESS
         Marketing in a Changing World: Creating
         Customer Value and Sarisfaction
         What Is Marketing?
         Needs, Wants, and Demands Products
         Vatue, Satisfaction, and Qualty Exchange,
         Transactions. and Relationships
         Markets Marketing
         Marketing Management
         Demand Managefnent
         Customer Relationships
         Building Profitable
         Marketing Management Philosuphies
         The Production Concept The Product
         Concepl The Selling Concept The
         M.arketing Concept The Societal Marketing
         Concept
         Markering Challenges into the Next Century
         Growth of Nonprofit Marketing Rapid
         Globalization The Changing World
         Economy The Call fm More Ethics and
         Social Respottsibiltty The New Marketing
         Landscape
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         Referenccs
         2.Strategic Planning and the Marketing
         Process
         Strategic Planning
         Defining the Compury Mission . Setting
         Company Objectises and Goals
         Designing the Business Portfolio
         Analyzing the Current Business Portfolio
         Deteloping Growth Strategies Plannmg
         Panctional Strategas
         The Marketing Procsess
         Target Consumers Marketing Strcatefgies for
         Competitive Advantage Developing the
         Marketing Mix
         Managing the Marjketing Effbrt
         Markettng Analysis , Marketing Planning
         Marketing Implementation Marketing
         Department Organization Marketing
         Control The Marketing Environment
         SuJmmary Key Terms Discussing thc
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         3.The Marketing Environmcnt
         The Company's Microenvironment
         The Company Suppliers Marketing
         Intermediaries Customers
         Competitors Publics
         The Company's Macroenvironmenr
         Demographic Environment Economic
         Environment Natural Environment
         Techogical Environment Political
         Environment Cultural Environment
         Responding to the Marketing Environmcnt
         Summary Kcy Terms Discnssing rhe
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         Rcferences
         PART 11: ANALYZING MARKETiNG
         OPPORTUNITIES
         4.Marketing Rcsearch and Information Systcms
         Thc Markcting Information System
         Assessing Informantion Detloping
         Information Distributiong information
         The Marketing Research Process
         Defining the Problem and Research
         Objectives Dweloping thr Research
         Plan Implementing the Research
         Plan Interpreting and Reporting the
         pindings Other Marketing Resemch
         Considerations
         Sammary Key Terms Discussine the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         5.Consumcr Markets and Consumer Buycr
         Behavior
         Modcl of Consumer Behavior
         Characteristics Affecting Consumer
         Behavior
         Cultwal Pactors Sodal Factors
         Personal Factors Psychological
         Pacwrs
         Consumer Buying Roles
         Types of Buying Decision Bchavior
         Compiex Buying Behavior Dissssonance-
         Reducing Buying Behavior Habitual
         Buying Behavior Variety-Seeking Buying
         Behavior
         The Buyer Decision Process
         Heed Recognition Information
         Search Evatuation of Altematives
         Purchase Dension Postpurchase
         Behavior
         The Buyer Decision Process for New
         Products
         Stages m the Adoption Process Individual
         Dtfferences in Innovativeness Infiuence
         of Producf Characteristics on Rate of
         Adoption
         Consumer Behavior Across International
         Borders
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Appiying the Conccpts
         References
         Business Markets and
         Behsvior
         Business Markets
         Characteristics of
         6.A Model of Business Business Buyer Behavior
         Major Types of buying
         Participants in the bus
         Major influences on busiess
         Business Buying Process
         Istitutional and Government
         fnstttutional Markets
         Marhets
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         VIDEO CASE 3:DHL WORLDWIDE
         EXPRESS
         PART III:Measuring and Forecasring Demand
         Defining the Market
         7.Measuring Current Market-Demand
         Estimating Total Market Demand
         Estimating Area Market Demand Market-
         Buildup Method Market Factor Index
         Method Estimating Actual Sales and
         Market Shares
         Forecasting Future Demand
         Survey of Buyers'Intentions Composite
         of Saksforce Opinions Expert
         Opinion Test Marketing Ttfne-
         Series Analysis Leading tndicators
         Statistical Demand Analysis
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         8.Market Segmentation, Targering,and Positioning For CompetitiveAdvantage
         Markess
         Market Segmentation
         Bases for Segmenting Consumer Markets
         Segmenting Business Markets Segmenting
         Intemational Markets Requirements for
         Effective Segmentation
         Market Targeting
         Evaluating Market Segments Selecting
         Market Segments
         Positioning for Competitive Advantage
         What Is Market Positioning? Positioning
         Strategies Choosing and Implementing a
         Positioning Strategy
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         COMPANY CASE 8A: QUAKER OATS: DOUSING
         ON THE COMPETJTION
         COMPANY CASE 8B: RYKA: BE STRONG
         COMPREHENSrVE CASE lll: LOOK OUT!
         LIPTON, HERE COMES OOLONG!
         PART IV: DEVELOPING THE MARKETING MIX
         9.Designing Products: Products, Brands,
         Packaging, and Services
         What Is a Product?
         Product Classifications
         Consumer Products Industrial
         Products
         Individual Product Decisions
         Product Attributes Branding
         Packaging Labeling Product-
         Support Semices
         Product Line Decisions
         Product Line Length Product Line
         Modemization Product Line Featuring
         Product Mix Decisions
         International Product Decisions
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         COMPANY CASE 9: COLGATE: SQUEEZING
         MORE FROM A BRAND NAME
         Designing Products: New-Product
         10.Development and Product Life-Cycle
         Strategies
         New-Product Development Strategy
         New-Product Success and Failure The
         New-Product Dilemma
         The New-Product Development Process
         Idea Generation Idea Screening
         Concept Development and Testing
         Marketing Strategy Development Business
         Analysis Product Development Test
         Marketing Commercialization
         Speeding Up New-Product Development
         Product Life-Cycle Strategies
         Introduction Stage Growth Stage
         Maturity Stage Decline Stage
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         COMPANY CASE 10: POLAROID: TAKING
         VISION TO THE MARKETPLACE
         11.Pricing Products: Pricing Considerations
         and Approaches
         Factors to Consider When Setting Prices
         Internal Factors Affecting Pricing Decisions
         Extemal Factors Affecting Pricing
         Decisions
         General Pricin
         Cost-Based
         Pricing
         Approaches
         Pricing Value-Based
         Competition-Based Pricing
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         COMPANY CASE 11: U.S. AIR: SURVJVING THE
         FARE WARS
         12.Pricing Products: Pricing Strategies
         New-Product Pricing Strategies
         Market-Skimming Pricing Market-
         Penetration Pricing
         Product-Mix Pricing Strategies
         Product Line Pricing Optional-Product
         Pricing Captive-Product Pricmg
         By-Product Pricing Product-Bundle
         Pricing
         Price-Adjustment Strategies
         Discount and Allowance Pricing
         Segmented Pricing Psychological
         Pricing Promotional Pricing Value
         Pricing Geographical Pricing
         International Pricing
         Price Changes
         Initiating Price Changes
         Price Changes
         Responding to
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         COMPANY CASE 12: CIRCUIT CITY: SELLING
         USED CARS LIKE STEREOS
         13.Placing Products: Distriburion Channels and Logistics Management
         The Nature of Distribution Channels
         Why Are Marketing Intermediaries Used?
         Distribution Channel Functions Nymber
         of Channel Levels Channels m the Service
         Sector
         Channel Behavior and Organization
         Channel Behavior Vertical Marketing
         Systems Horizontal Marketmg
         Systems Hybrid Marketing Systems
         Channel Design Decisions
         Analyzing Consumer Service Needs
         Setting the Channel Objectives and
         Constraints Identifying Major
         Altematives Evaluating the Major
         Alternatives Designing International
         Distribution Channels
         Channel Management Decisions
         Selecting Channel Members Motivating
         Channel Members Evaluating Channel
         Members
         Physical Distribution and Logistics
         Management
         Nature and Importance of Physical Distribution
         and Marketing Logistics Goals of the
         Logistics System Major Logistics
         Functions Integrated Logistics
         Management
         Key Terms Discussing the
         Applying the Concepts
         Summary
         Ideas
         References
         COMPANY CASE 13: ICON ACOUSTICS:
         BYPASSING TRADITION
         14.Placing Products: Retailing and Wholesaling
         Retailing
         Store Retailing
         Amount of Service Product Line
         Relative Prices Control of Outlets
         Type of Store Cluster
         Nonstore Retailing
         Direct Marketing Direct Selling
         Automatic Vending
         Retailer Marketing Decisions
         Target Market and Positioning Decision
         Product Assortment and Services Decision
         Price Decision Promotion Decision
         Place Decision
         The Future of Retailing
         Wholesaling
         Types of Wholesalers
         Merchant Wholesalers Brokers and
         Agents Manufacturers' Sales Branches and
         Offtces
         Wholesaler Marketing Decisions
         Target Market and Positioning Decision
         Marketing Mix Decisions
         Trends in Wholesaling
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         COMPANY CASE 14: SAM'S CLUB: BULKING L'P
         FOR COMPETITION
         15.Promoting Products: Marketing
         Communication Strategy
         Steps in Developing Effective
         Communication
         Identifying the Target Audience
         Determining the Response Sought
         Choosing a Message Choosing Media
         Selecting the Message Source Collecting
         Feedback
         Setting the Total Promotion Budget and
         Mix
         Setting the Total Promotion Budget
         Setting the Promotion Mix
         The Changing Face of Marketing
         Communications
         The Changing Communications
         Environment Growth of Direct
         Marketing Integrated Marketing
         Communications
         Socially Responsible Marketing
         Communication
         Advertising Personal Selling Direct
         Marketing
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         COMPANY CASE 15: AVON: A PROMOTIONAL
         STRATEGY MAKEOVER
         16.Promoring Products: Adverrising, Sales
         Promotion, and Public Relations
         Advertising
         Major Decisions in Advertising
         Setting Obfectives Setting the Advertising
         Budget Advertising Strategy
         Advertising Evaluation International
         Advertising Decisions
         Sales Promotion
         Rapid Growth of Sales Promotion
         Purpose of Sales Promotion Setting Sales-
         Promotion Objectives Selecting
         Sales-Promotion Tools Developing the
         Sales-Promotion Program
         Public Relations
         Major Public Relations Tools Major
         Public Relations Decisions
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         COMPANY CASE 16: BURGER KING:
         SEARCHING FOR THE RIGHT MESSAGE
         17.Promoting Products: Personal Selling and Sales Management
         The Role of Personal Selling
         The Nature of Personal Selling The Role
         of the Sales Force
         Managing the Sales Force
         Designing Sales Force Strategy and
         Structure Recruiting and Selecting
         Salespeople Training Salespeople
         Compensating Salespeople Supervising
         Salespeople Evaluating Salespeople
         Principles of Personal Selling
         The Personal Selling Process Steps in the
         Selling Process Relationship
         Marketing
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         COMPANY CASE 17: IBM: RESTRUCTURING
         THE SALES FORCE
         VIDEO CASE 4: ROLLERBLADE: THE ASPHALT
         IS CALLING
         VIDEO CASE 5: TERRA CHIPS: EAT YOUR
         VEGGIES!
         VIDEO CASE 6: MOUNTAIN TRAVEL SOBEK:
         ALL OVER THE WORLD
         VIDEO CASE 7: MALL OF AMERICA: THE
         ULTIMATE DESTINATJON FOR FUN
         COMPREHENSFVE CASE IV: SMITH'S HOME
         FOODS: BRlNGING HOME THE BACON
         PART V: MANAGING THE MARKETING EFFORT
         18.Building Customer Relationships through Satisfaction, Value, and Quality
         Defining Customer Value and Satisfaction
         Customer Value Customer
         Satisfaction
         Delivering Customer Value and Satisfaction
         Value Chain Value Delivery System
         Retaining Customers
         The Cost of Lost Customers The Need
         foT Customer Retention The Key:
         Customer Relationship Marketing The
         Ultimate Test: Customer Profitabiltty
         Implementing Total Quality Marketing
         Total Quality Management Marketing's
         Role in Total Quality
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         COMPANY CASE 18: OUTBACK STEAKHOUSE:
         BREAKING THE RULES
         19.Crearing Competitive Advantage: Competitor Analysis and CompetiriveMarketing Strategies
         Competitor Analysis
         Identifying the Company's Competitors
         Determining Competitors' Objectives
         Identifying Competitors' Strategies
         Assessing Competitors' Strengths and
         Weaknesses Estimating Competitors'
         Reactions Selecting Competitors to Attack
         and Avoid Designing a Competitive
         Intelligence System
         Competitive Strategies
         Basic Competitive Strategies Competitive
         Positions Market-Leader Strategies
         Market-Challenger Strategies Market-
         Follower Strategies Market-Nicher
         Strategies
         Balancing Customer and Competitor
         Orientations
         Key Terms Discussing the
         Applying the Concepts
         Summary
         Issues
         References
         COMPANY CASE 19: PROCTER GAMBLE
         GOING GLOBAL-A NEW WRINKLE IN.
         COSMETICS
         VIDEO CASE 8: RITZ-CARLTON: SIMPLY THE
         BEST
         COMPREHENSIVE CASE V: NEW BALANCE:
         RUNNING IN THE BUSINESS MARATHON
         Economic
         PART Vl: EXTENDING MARKETING
         20.The Global Marketplace Global Marketing into the Twenty-first Century
         Looking at the Global Marketing
         Environment
         The International Trade System
         Environment Political-Legal
         Environment Cultural Environment
         Deciding Whether to Go International
         Deciding Which Markets to Enter
         Deciding How to Enter the Market
         Exporting Joint Venturing Direct
         Investment
         Deciding on the Global Marketing Program
         Product Promotion Price
         Distribution Channels
         Deciding on the Global Marketing
         Organization
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         COMPANY CASE 20: HARDEE'S: MARKETING IN
         SOUTH KOREA
         21.Marketing Serviees, Organizations, Persons,Places, and Ideas
         Services Marketing
         Nature and Characteristics of a Service
         Marketing Strategies for Service Firms
         International Services Marketing
         Organization Marketing
         Image Assessment
         Control
         Person Marketing
         Place Marketing
         Idea Marketing
         Image Planning and
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         COMPANY CASE 21: CITY YEAR: RUNNINC A
         NONPROFIT I.IKE A RUSINESS
         22.Marketing and Society: Social Responsibility and Markering Ethics
         Social Criticisms of Marketing
         Marketing's Impact on Indivtdual
         Consumers Marketing's Impact on Society
         as a Whole Marketing's Impact on Other
         Businesses
         Citizen and Public Actions to Regulate
         Marketing
         Consumerism Envirohmentalism
         Public Actions to Regulate Mdrketing
         Business Actions toward Socially Responsible
         Marketing
         Enlightened Marketing Marketing
         Ethics
         Principles for Public Policy toward
         Marketing
         Summary Key Terms Discussing the
         Issues Applying the Concepts
         References
         COMPANY CASE 12: WSTLE: UNDER fIRE
         ACAJN
         VIDEO CASE 9: MTV- THINK CLOBALLY, ACT
         LOCALLY
         COWREHFNSIVE CASE: VI: IORD: EXPORTINC,
         TO JAPAN
         Appendix 1: Marketing Arithmetic Al
         Appendix 2: Careers in Marketing A7
         Glossary Gl
         Subject Index 11
         Company/Brand/Name Index
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