Folkways pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2024

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William Graham Sumner

Kessinger Publishing, LLC

2010-9-10

706

USD 52.76

Hardcover

9781163469088

图书标签: 萨姆纳人类学习俗社会学跨文化研究费孝通英文原版社会

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发表于2024-11-24

Folkways epub 下载 mobi 下载 pdf 下载 txt 电子书下载 2024

Folkways pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2024

图书描述

This century-old classic of sociology offers thousands of illustrations of the social, sexual, and religious customs of ancient Greece and Rome, Africa, Australia, Melanesia, Japan, China, India, as well as medieval Christianity, Judaism, Islam, and modern Western civilization in Europe and America. Subjects include labor, wealth, slavery, cannibalism, marriage, education, and many other absorbing topics.

Folkways 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书

著者简介

William Graham Sumner (October 30, 1840 – April 12, 1910) was an American academic and "held the first professorship in sociology" at Yale College. For many years he had a reputation as one of the most influential teachers there. He was a polymath with numerous books and essays on American history, economic history, political theory, sociology, and anthropology. He is credited with introducing the term "ethnocentrism," a term intended to identify imperialists' chief means of justification, in his book Folkways (1906). Sumner is often seen as a proto-libertarian. He was also the first to teach a course entitled "Sociology".

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Folkways pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载

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”人类先有行为，后由思想，决定行为的是从试验与错误的公式中累积出来的经验，思想只有保留这些经验的作用，自觉的欲望是文化的命令。“

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”人类先有行为，后由思想，决定行为的是从试验与错误的公式中累积出来的经验，思想只有保留这些经验的作用，自觉的欲望是文化的命令。“

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民俗构建是继承的结果，民俗构建的动力是需求，需求促使人们去行动（作为生活最低标准的民俗）。假定区别愉快和痛苦的能力为我们唯一的心理力量，则该体验决定活动方式是否是合宜的（更少痛苦地达到目的）。而民俗即合宜（细小活动）的不断重复，个人行为的发展也导致了集体现象的应运而生。民俗的构建是不自觉的，充满偶然因素的。民俗是社会意识诸形态和社会结构之源：哲学、伦理、制度和法律均出自德范。民俗的变化不仅受制于它们之下的生活条件，还受制于它们之上的“哲学思想和伦理规范”。现实要求民俗随机应变，而教条权威云云又竭力使其固若金汤，两种力量的牵制使民俗的变化呈现缓慢的渐进（尤其体现在代际间，孩子并不总把德范保持得像他们接受它们时那样）。此外，民俗的渐变还归因于领导阶级的表现和群众对新事物和传统的保守态度。

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