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A language develops over time, it develops in a child, and the capacity for language has evolved in the human species.

Dr. Lightfoot writes mainly on syntactic theory, language acquisition and historical change, which he views as intimately related. He argues that internal language change is contingent and fluky, takes place in a sequence of bursts, and is best viewed as the cumulative effect of changes in individual grammars, where a grammar is a "language organ" represented in a person's mind/brain and embodying his/her language faculty. That, in turn, entails a non-standard view of language acquisition as "cue-based." He has published eleven books, most recently The Development of Language (Blackwell, 1999), Syntactic Effects of Morphological Change (ed.) (Oxford UP, 2002), The Language Organ (with S.R. Anderson) (Cambridge UP, 2002), and How New Languages Emerge (Cambridge UP, 2006). He is also the author of more than 100 articles, book chapters and reviews. He is general editor for the Generative Syntax series published by Blackwell, and serves on the linguistics editorial board at Cambridge University Press. In 2004, he was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and in 2006, as a fellow of the Linguistic Society of America. He has been elected as President of the Linguistic Society of America, serving 2010-2011.

Contents
Foreword
1 Introduction
1.1 Progress or Degeneration?
1.2 The Records, our Witnesses
1.3 Lack of Change and Historical Explanation
1.4 Our Odyssey
2 The Nineteenth: Century of HIstory
2.1 Historical Relationships
2.2 Sound Change
2.3 Historical Explanations
2.4 Determinist Views of History
3 Grammars and Language Acquisition
3.1 We Know More than we Learn
3.2 The Nature of Grammars
3.3 The Acquisition Problem: The Poverty of the Stimulus
3.4 The Analytical Triplet
3.5 Real-Time Acquisition of Grammars
4 Gradualism and Catastrophes
4.1 Grammars and Change
4.2 Social Grammars
4.3 Gradualism, Imagined and Real
4.4 Catastrophes
4.5 Competing Grammars
4.6 The Spread of New Grammars
4.7 Parametric Change
5 The Loss of Case and its Syntactic Effects
5.1 Case
5.2 Middle English Split genitives
5.3 Inherent Case and Thematic Roles in Early English
5.4 The Loss and Origin of Case Systems
6 Cue-Based Acquisition and Loss of Verb-Second
6.1 Models of Learnability
6.2 Cue-Based Acquisition and Loss of Verb-Second
6.3 V-to-I Raising and its Cue
6.4 Creolisation and Signed Languages
7 Equilibrium and Small Punctuations
7.1 Equilibrium
7.2 Enlish Auxiliary Verbs in the Eighteenth Century
7.3 French chez
8 Historicism: The Use and Abuse of Clio
8.1 Principles of History
8.2 Clio Working through Biology
8.3 Diachronic Reanalyses
8.4 Trajectories
9 The Evolution of the Language Faculty
9.1 Bumpiness
9.2 Explaining Evolution
9.3 A UG Condition on Movement Traces
9.4 The Condition is Maladaptive
9.5 Conclusion
10 A Science of HIstory
10.1 Classical and Chaotic Views of Science
10.2 History as an Epiphenomenon
References
Index
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