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In 2009, to mark the sixtieth anniversary of the People’s Republic of China, the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies convened a major conference to discuss the health and longevity of China’s ruling system and to consider a fundamental question: After three decades of internal strife and turmoil, followed by an era of reform, entrepreneurialism, and internationalization, is the PRC here for the dynastic long haul?

Bringing together scholars and students of China from around the world, the gathering witnessed an energetic exchange of views on four interrelated themes: polities, social transformations, wealth and well-being, and culture, belief, and practice. Edited and expanded from the original conference papers, the wide-ranging essays in this bilingual volume remain true to the conference’s aim: to promote open discussion of the past, present, and future of the People’s Republic of China.

William C. Kirby is Spangler Family Professor of Business Administration at Harvard Business School and T. M. Chang Professor of China Studies and former Director of the Fairbank Center for Chinese Studies at Harvard University.

Contributors
Abbreviations
Introduction: Myths and Lessons of Contemporary Chinese History [William C. Kirby]
Keynote Address: The People’s Republic of China at Sixty [Roderick MacFarquhar]
Polities
1. The Foundations of Communist Rule in China: The Coercive Dimension [David Shambaugh]
2. Mao Zedong and the Origins of the Anti-Rightist Rectification Campaign [Shen Zhihua]
3. Ideal, Effort, and Alienation of Socialism in China: An Exploration from a Materialistic View of History [Yang Kuisong]
4. China’s Three Rises, Regional Power Transitions, and East Asian Security: 1949 to the Twenty-First Century [Robert S. Ross]
5. The People’s Republic of China at Sixty: Is It Rising? [Alastair Iain Johnston and Sheena Chestnut]
6. Why China Gets a “Rise” Out of Us: Rminiations on PRC Foreign Relations [Alan M. Wachman]
Social Transformations
7. “Sixty is the New Forty” (Or Is It?): Reflections on the Health of the Chinese Body Politic [Elizabeth J. Perry]
8. Popular Protest and Party Rule: China’s Evolving Polity [Andrew G. Walder]
9. Agriculture, Imports, and Diplomacy: Three Case Studies on the Interaction between Chinese Party Rule and Popular Will [Niu Dayong]
10. Urban Residential District Making in China [Peter G. Rowe]
11. “Turning Rubbish into Something Useful”: Crime and Punishment in Mao’s China [Klaus Mühlhahn]
Wealth and Well-Being
12. A Fine Balance: Chinese Entrepreneurs and Entrepreneurship in Historical Perspective [Elisabeth Köll]
13. Turning Around State-Owned Enterprises under China’s Political Business Model [Jean Oi]
14. Health, Subjectivity, and Moral Change in China [Arthur Kleinman]
15. Health Care Reforms in China: Slogan or Solution? [Barry R. Bloom and Yuanli Liu]
16. Rushing toward Socialism: The Transformation and Death of Private Business Enterprises in Shanghai, 1949–1956 [Feng Xiaocai]
17. Short-Term Stimuli and the Prospects for Long-Term Growth in China [Dwight H. Perkins]
18. Myth of the Social Volcano: Popular Responses to Rising Inequality in China [Martin King Whyte]
Culture, Belief, Practice
19. The Making of a Hero: Lei Feng and Some Issues of Historiography [Xiaofei Tian]
20. Rediscovery of the Frontier in Recent Chinese History [Xiaoyuan Liu]
21. The Role of China’s Public Intellectuals in the People’s Republic of China [Merle Goldman]
22. The End of Intellectuals: Sixty Years of Service, Subversion, and Selling in China [Timothy Cheek]
23. The Politics of National Celebrations in China [Chang-Tai Hung]
The PRC’s Future in Light of Its Past
24. Ming Fever: The Past in the Present in the People’s Republic of China at Sixty [Michael Szonyi]
25. The Tenacity of Culture: Old Stories in the New China [Paul A. Cohen]
26. National Minds and Imperial Frontiers: Inner Asia and China in the New Century [Mark C. Elliott]
Concluding Comments [Susanne Weigelin-Schwiedrzik]
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