托剋維爾(1805-1859),法國曆史學傢、社會學傢。主要代錶作有《論美國的民主》第一捲(1835)、《論美國的民主》第二捲(1840年)、《舊製度與大革命〉。《論美國的民主》使他享有世界聲譽。其上捲的第一部分講述美國的政治製度,第二部分對美國的民主進行社會學的分析。下捲分四個部分,以美國為背景發揮其政治哲學和政治社會學思想。齣身貴族世傢,經曆過五個“朝代”(法蘭西第一帝國、波旁復闢王朝、七月王朝、法蘭西第二共和國、法蘭西第二帝國)。前期熱心於政治,1838年齣任眾議院議員,1848年二月革命後參與製訂第二共和國憲法,1849年一度齣任外交部長。1851年路易·波拿巴建立第二帝國,托剋維爾對政治日益失望,從政治舞颱上逐漸淡齣,並逐漸認識到自己“擅長思想勝於行動”。《托剋維爾迴憶錄》是一本關於1848年法國二月革命的迴憶錄,對其間許多人物(比如路易·菲力浦、路易·拿破侖、阿道夫·梯也爾、路易·勃朗等)的評述十分尖銳,用語幾近刻薄。可能由於這個原因,該書在作者死後34年(1893年)纔首次齣版。
Purchase of this book includes free trial access to www.million-books.com where you can read more than a million books for free. This is an OCR edition with typos. Excerpt from book: was inhabited by many indigenous tribes, it may justly be said, at the time of its discovery by Europeans, to have form. ed one great desert. The Indians occupied, without possess- ing it. It is by agricultural labor that man appropriates the soil, and the early inhabitants of North America lived by the produce of the chase. Their implacable prejudices, their uncontrolled passions, their vices, and still more, perhaps, their savage virtues, consigned them to inevitable destruction. The ruin of these nations began from the day when Europeans landed on their shores: it has proceeded ever since, and we are now seeing the completion of it. They seemed to have been placed by Providence-amid the riches of the New World to enjoy them for a season, and then surrender them. Those coasts, so admirably adapted for commerce and industry; those wide and deep rivers; that inexhaustible valley of the 'Mississippi; the whole continent, in short, seemed prepared to be the abode of a great nation, yet unborn. In that land the great experiment was to be made by civilized man, of the attempt to construct society upon a new basis; and it was there, for the first time, that theories hitherto unknown, or deemed impracticable, were to exhibit a spectacle for which the world had not been prepared by the history of the past. CHAPTER II. ORIGIN OF THE ANGLO-AMERICANS AND ITS IMPORTANCE, lit RELATION TO THEIR FUTURE CONDITION. Utility of knowing the Origin of Nations in order to understand their social Condition and their Laws.?America the only Country in which the Starting-Point of a great People has been clearly observable.?In what respects all who emigrated to British America were similar.?In what they differed.?Remark applicable to all the Europeans who established themselves on the shores ...
没有一个国家的法律能够预先定出一切,没有一个国家的制度能够代替理性和民情。 ——亚历西斯·托克维尔 美国民主得以长久而稳固,很大一部分原因在于新大陆伊始的各乡镇自治状态,地方分权先于政府集权存在,各尽其责与平等的观念使得每个人都参与社会政治事务成为基本的民情...
評分乡镇组织之于自由,犹如小学之于授课。乡镇组织将自由带给人民,教导人民安享自由和学会让自由为他们服务。在没有乡镇组织的条件下,一个国家虽然可以建立一个自由的政府,但它没有自由的精神。片刻的激情、暂时的利益或偶然的机会可以创造出独立的外表,但潜伏于社会机体内部...
評分《论美国的民主》本书的作者托克维尔出身于法国的贵族家庭,他拥有贵族阶层特有的高傲。可是他却背弃了贵族,理性地看待了民主的必然到来和社会政治制度的转型。书中既有托克维尔对社会政治的失望又充满了对明天未来的美好希冀。 在绪论中托克维尔提到“身份平等的逐...
評分《论美国的民主》本书的作者托克维尔出身于法国的贵族家庭,他拥有贵族阶层特有的高傲。可是他却背弃了贵族,理性地看待了民主的必然到来和社会政治制度的转型。书中既有托克维尔对社会政治的失望又充满了对明天未来的美好希冀。 在绪论中托克维尔提到“身份平等的逐...
評分对于哲学上的各种理论,王国维说:“大都可爱者不可信,可信者不可爱...知其可信而不能爱,觉其可爱而不能信,此近二三年中最大之烦闷。”政治学说也可能是这样吧。再外延开去,社会与人生才大概也是如此。再扯到“民主”话题,一谈起来,可能既不可爱,又不完全可信。 ...
ddl使人讀書
评分字裏行間洋溢著對燈塔國的贊美與嚮往 可以說是美分開山鼻祖瞭吧
评分字裏行間洋溢著對燈塔國的贊美與嚮往 可以說是美分開山鼻祖瞭吧
评分字裏行間洋溢著對燈塔國的贊美與嚮往 可以說是美分開山鼻祖瞭吧
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