1. Introduction to Public Speaking
Why Study Public Speaking?
Public Speaking and Conversation
The Communication Process
The Rich Heritage of Public Speaking
Public Speaking and Diversity
2. Speaking with Confidence
Understand Your Nervousness
Build Your Confidence
3. Previewing the Audience-Centered Speechmaking Process
An Audience-Centered Speechmaking Model
Consider Your Audience
Select and Narrow Your Topic
Determine Your Purpose
Develop Your Central Idea
Generate the Main Ideas
Gather Supporting Material
Organize Your Speech
Rehearse Your Speech
Deliver Your Speech
4. Speaking Freely and Ethically
Ethics
Free Speech
Speaking Freely
Speaking Ethically
Listening Ethically
5. Listening to Speeches
Barriers to Effective Listening
How to Become a Better Listener
Improving Your Note-Taking Skills
Listening and Critical Thinking
Analyzing and Evaluating Speeches
6. Analyzing Your Audience
Becoming an Audience-Centered Speaker
Gathering Information About Your Audience
Analyze Information About Your Audience
Analyzing Your Audience Before You Speak
Adapting to Your Audience as You Speak
Analyzing Your Audience After You Speak
7. Developing Your Speech
Select and Narrow Your Topic
Determine Your Purpose
Develop Your Central Idea
Generate and Preview Your Main Ideas
Meanwhile, Back at the Computer . . .
8. Gathering Supporting Material
Personal Knowledge and Experience
The Internet
Library Resources
Interviews
Resources from Special-Interest Groups and Organizations
Research Strategies
9. Using Supporting Material
Illustrations
Descriptions and Explanations
Definitions
Analogies
Statistics
Opinions
Selecting the Best Supporting Material
10. Organizing Your Speech
Organizing Your Main Ideas
Subdividing Your Main Ideas
Integrating Your Supporting Material
Organizing Your Supporting Material
Developing Signposts
Supplementing Signposts with Presentation Aids
11. Introducing Your Speech
Purposes of Introductions
Effective Introductions
12. Concluding Your Speech
Purposes of Conclusions
Effective Conclusions
13. Outlining and Editing Your Speech
Developing a Preparation Outline
Editing Your Speech
Developing Your Delivery Outline and Speaking Notes
14. Using Words Well: Speaker Language and Style
Oral Versus Written Language Style
Using Words Effectively
Adapting Your Language Style to Diverse Listeners
Crafting Memorable Word Structures
Tips for Using Language Effectively
15. Delivering Your Speech
The Power of Speech Delivery
Methods of Delivery
Characteristics of Effective Delivery
Audience Diversity and Delivery
Rehearsing Your Speech: Some Final Tips
Delivering Your Speech
Adapting Your Speech Delivery for Television
Responding to Questions
16. Designing and Using Presentation Aids
The Value of Presentation Aids
Types of Presentation Aids
Guidelines for Developing Presentation Aids
Guidelines for Using Presentation Aids
17. Speaking to Inform
Goals of Informative Speaking
Types of Informative Speeches
Strategies to Enhance Audience Understanding
Strategies to Maintain Audience Interest
Strategies to Enhance Audience Recall
18. Understanding Principles of Persuasive Speaking
Persuasion Defined
How Persuasion Works
How to Motivate Listeners
How to Develop Your Persuasive Speech
Putting Persuasive Principles into Practice
19. Using Persuasive Strategies
Establishing Credibility
Enhancing Your Credibility
Using Logic and Evidence to Persuade
Using Emotion to Persuade
Strategies for Adapting Ideas to People and People to Ideas
Strategies for Organizing Persuasive Messages
20. Speaking for Special Occasions and Purposes
Public Speaking in the Workplace
Discuss the Need or Problem
Anticipate Criticism
Ceremonial Speaking
Introductions
After-Dinner Speaking: Using Humor Effectively
Appendices
A. Speaking in Small Groups
B. The Classical Tradition of Rhetoric
C. Suggested Speech Topics
D. Speeches for Analysis and Discussion
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