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The conflict between Morality and Realism in politics is as topical today as it ever was. Although its future among the most urgent and intriguing issues in political thought is guaranteed, discussing it in an open and systematic manner will doubtlessly continue to raise the same insurmountable problems as it always did. Justus Lipsius (1547–1606) sought to access the topic through the pages of ancient Greek and Roman literature, and his influence can be traced over almost two centuries. Although his text continues to offer many valuable viewpoints and considerations, and although it is much-discussed by scholars in the humanities today, no edition or modern translation has been available thus far, an omission this book hopes to correct.

The present project was started as a Ph.D. thesis at the University of Cambridge in 1995 and continued at the University of Amsterdam from 1996–2001. Its aim was and is to present an edition of the Politica with a new English translation, together with an introduction providing the background information necessary for an understanding of the text in relation to the historical background. Important new material presented in this book are the papers relating to the ‘process’ of the Politica with the Congregation for the Index found in the archives in the Sant’ Uffizio in Rome.

Justus Lipsius, Joost Lips or Josse Lips (18 October 1547 — 23 March 1606), was a Flemish philologist and humanist. Lipsius wrote a series of works designed to revive ancient Stoicism in a form that would be compatible with Christianity. The most famous of these is De Constantia (On Constancy). His form of Stoicism influenced a number of contemporary thinkers, creating the intellectual movement of Neostoicism. He taught at the universities in Jena, Leiden and Leuven.

His ideas about the ideal citizen—a man that acts according to reason, is answerable to himself, is in control of his emotions, and is ready to fight—found wide acceptance in the turbulent times of the Reformation. This Lipsian view, translated to politics, entails rationalisation of the state and its apparatus of government, autocratic rule by the prince, discipline dispensed to subjects, and strong military defence. These principles lie at the foundation of the early modern state.

From The Contents
Chapter 1.The Politica. General Introduction
1.1. Justus Lipsius, Politicorum sive Civilis Doctrinae libri sex
1.2. Purposes and arrangement of this book
1.3. Lipsius-reception since the eighteenth century
1.4. Gerhard Oestreich’s interpretation of Lipsius’ political thought
Chapter 2. From Philology to Philosophy: Lipsius’ life and Backgrounds in political thought
A. Lipsius
2.1. Biography
2.2. The political content of the correspondence up to 1589
2.3. De Constantia as background to the Politica
2.4. Other works relevant to Lipsius’ political thought
B. Backgrounds in Political Thought of the Sixteenth Century
2.5. Traditional Political Morality
2.6. Challenges and Alternatives to the traditional political morality
Chapter 3. Reading the Politica: the format of the work
3.1. Organising knowledge
3.2. Commonplaces
3.3. Lipsius’ Commonplaces
3.4.The Politica as a Commonplace-book
3.5.The Politica as a Cento
3.6. The problem of interpretation in the Politica
Chapter 4. Context and Interpretation
4.1. Preliminary remarks
4.2. Lipsius’ position in contemporary moral and political debates
4.3. After1589. The Reception of the Politica
Chapter 5. Ancient Sources
5.1. General
5.2. Aristotle
5.3. De Constantia, Politica, and Cicero
5.4.The Politica and Seneca
5.5.The Politica and Tacitus
5.6.The Politica and Sallust
Table 1. Tacitus-quotations in the Politica
Chapter 6. History of the Text. Publication, Adaptation, Dissemination
6.1. The first edition, Leiden1589 (quarto and octavo)
6.2. The second edition, Leiden 1590 (reprinted 1595)
6.3. The third edition, (Antwerp 1596 and later): Expurgated by the Vatican
6.4. The editions of 1599 and 1604
6.5.The Notae
6.6. Editions not by Plantin
6.7. Some translations
Conclusion
Summary of the Politica
text & translation
I. Principles of this edition
II. About this translation
III. Stemma Editionum
IV. Sigla
Justus Lipsius, Politicorum sive Civilis Doctrinae libri sex
appendices
Appendix 1. Documents
Appendix 2. Lipsius’ Notae to the Politica
Appendix 3.Notes
Appendix 4. Neo-Latin language, words and word forms
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