本书收纳了中科大校友的25篇关于视觉科学的代表性文章。书的内容主要分为两大部分：Ⅰ，视觉神经科学；Ⅱ，视觉感知与认知。其中，第一部分中的ⅠA部分（皮层前的处理过程）总共包含六章，分别涉及光感受器退化疾病的恢复、视皮层-顶盖系统的改变、视网膜神经节细胞与外膝体细胞的感受野特性以及视皮层对外膝体的反馈作用；ⅠB部分（皮层中的处理过程）用九章的篇幅涵盖了视皮层对图像和运动的处理、视皮层中视空间的映射和皮层反应特性的关系、注意的作用、知觉学习以及衰老对视皮层处理的影响等内容；ⅠC部分（眼动系统）中的三章内容重点介绍了眼动神经元的反应特性和眼动指令信号的可靠性。第二部分包括七章，介绍了基本的视觉感知过程，如早期视觉通路中的分辨能力、对距离的感知、对等亮度条件下彩色运动图形的感知、对拓扑结构的感知以及特征分类等。此外，还涉及计算视觉、视觉工作记忆和蜜蜂的决策制定等主题。

目录：

Preface to the USTC Alumni's Series

The History and Current Status of Vision Research at USTC

Preface

Section Ⅰ Visual Neurosciences

Pre-cortical Processing

Chapter 1 Rapid BDNF-induced Retrograde Synaptic Modification in A Developing Retinotectal System

Chapter 2 Ectopic Expression of A Microbial-Type Rhodopsin Restores Visual Responses in Mice with Photoreceptor Degeneration

Chapter 3 Organized Arrangement of Orientation-Sensitive Relay Cells in the Cat's Dorsal Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

Chapter 4 The Nucleus Isthmi and Dual Modulation of the Receptive Field of Tectal Neurons in Non-mammals

Chapter 5 Direct Visualization of the Dendritic and Receptive Fields of Directionally Selective Retinal Ganglion Cells

Chapter 6 Functional Alignment of Feedback Effects from Visual Cortex to Thalamus

Chapter 7 Perceptual Learning and Top Down Influences in Primary Visual Cortex

Chapter 8 A Processing Stream in Mammalian Visual Cortex Neurons for Non-Fourier Responses

Chapter 9 GABA and Its Agonists Improved Visual Cortical Function in Senescent Monkeys

Chapter 10 Pattern and Component Motion Selectivity in Cortical Area PMLS of The Cat

Chapter 11 Feature-based Attention Modulates Orientation-selective Responses in Human Visual Cortex

Chapter 12 Filling-in of Visual Phantoms in The Human Brain

Chapter 13 Categorization Training Results in Shape- and Category- Selective Human Neural Plasticity

Chapter 14 Reversible Blockade of Experience-dependent Plasticity by Calcineurin in Mouse Visual Cortex

Chapter 15 The Coordinated Mapping of Visual Space and Response Features in Visual Cortex The Ocular-motor System

Chapter 16 Characteristics of Near Response Cells Projecting to the Oculomotor Nucleus

Chapter 17 Premotor Commands Encode Monocular Eye MovementsChapter 18 Reliability of Oculomotor Command Signals Carried by Individual Neurons

Section Ⅱ Visual Perception & Cognition

Chapter 19 Orientation-selective Adaptation and Tilt After-effect From Invisible Patterns

Chapter 20 Perceiving Distance Accurately by A Directional Process of Integrating Ground Information

Chapter 21 Topological Structure in Visual Perception

Chapter 22 The Mechanism of Isoluminant Chromatic Motion Perception

Chapter 23 Primal Sketch: Integrating Structure and Texture

Chapter 24 Parallel and Competitive Processes in Hierarchical Analysis: Perceptual Grouping and Encoding of Closure

Chapter 25 Visual Working Memory in Decision Making by Honey Bees