圖書標籤: 自由意誌 心靈哲學 腦科學 心理學 哲學 決定論 個人管理 康德
发表于2024-11-04
Why Free Will Is Real pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024
A crystal-clear, scientifically rigorous argument for the existence of free will, challenging what many scientists and scientifically minded philosophers believe.
Philosophers have argued about the nature and the very existence of free will for centuries. Today, many scientists and scientifically minded commentators are skeptical that it exists, especially when it is understood to require the ability to choose between alternative possibilities. If the laws of physics govern everything that happens, they argue, then how can our choices be free? Believers in free will must be misled by habit, sentiment, or religious doctrine. Why Free Will Is Real defies scientific orthodoxy and presents a bold new defense of free will in the same naturalistic terms that are usually deployed against it.
Unlike those who defend free will by giving up the idea that it requires alternative possibilities to choose from, Christian List retains this idea as central, resisting the tendency to defend free will by watering it down. He concedes that free will and its prerequisites—intentional agency, alternative possibilities, and causal control over our actions—cannot be found among the fundamental physical features of the natural world. But, he argues, that’s not where we should be looking. Free will is a “higher-level” phenomenon found at the level of psychology. It is like other phenomena that emerge from physical processes but are autonomous from them and not best understood in fundamental physical terms—like an ecosystem or the economy. When we discover it in its proper context, acknowledging that free will is real is not just scientifically respectable; it is indispensable for explaining our world.
Christian List is Professor of Philosophy and Political Science at the London School of Economics and Political Science and a Fellow of the British Academy.
近來的感想是玩具經不起拆,拆瞭就沒瞭。
評分最有啓發的部分應該是反駁決定論的挑戰,然而那個diagram我沒看懂。區分決定論的層次,指齣對於自由意誌來說,真正構成挑戰的並非physical determinism,而是agential determinism(consequence argument的錯誤就在於混淆兩個層麵的決定論);然後linking thesis則因為agential-physical的多重實現而遭到反駁:物理決定論不是能動決定論的充分/必要條件。 建立在科學實在論與最佳解釋推理上的domain-specific realism是論證的另一關鍵。
評分List 的相容論模型仍然預設瞭宇宙的多重可能的物理狀態,物理決定論者會認同這個預設嗎?
評分List 的相容論模型仍然預設瞭宇宙的多重可能的物理狀態,物理決定論者會認同這個預設嗎?
評分最有啓發的部分應該是反駁決定論的挑戰,然而那個diagram我沒看懂。區分決定論的層次,指齣對於自由意誌來說,真正構成挑戰的並非physical determinism,而是agential determinism(consequence argument的錯誤就在於混淆兩個層麵的決定論);然後linking thesis則因為agential-physical的多重實現而遭到反駁:物理決定論不是能動決定論的充分/必要條件。 建立在科學實在論與最佳解釋推理上的domain-specific realism是論證的另一關鍵。
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Why Free Will Is Real pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024