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For many years, China and India have been powerfully shaped by both transnational and subnational circulatory forces. This edited volume explores these local and global influences as they play out in the contemporary era. The analysis focuses on four intersecting topics: labor relations; legal reform and rights protest; public goods provision; and transnational migration and investment. The eight substantive chapters and introduction share a common perspective in arguing that distinctions in regime type (“democracy” versus “dictatorship”) alone offer little insight into critical differences and similarities between these Asian giants in terms of either policies or performance. A wide variety of subnational and transnational actors, from municipal governments to international organizations, and from local NGO activists to a far-flung diaspora, have been―and will continue to be―decisive.

The authors approach China and India through a strategy of “convergent comparison,” in which they investigate temporal and spatial parallels at various critical junctures, at various levels of the political system, and both inside and outside the territorial confines of the nation-state. The intensified globalization of recent decades only heightens the need to view state initiatives against such a wider canvas.

Prasenjit Duara is Oscar Tang Chair of East Asian Studies at Duke University.

List of Tables and Figures*
Acknowledgments
List of Contributors
List of Abbreviations
Beyond Regimes: An Introduction [Prasenjit Duara and Elizabeth J. Perry]
I. Labor Relations
1. The Origins of State Capacity: Workers and Officials in Mid-20th-Century Shanghai and Bombay [Mark W. Frazier]
2. Labor and State Absenteeism: The Intersecting Social Experience of Construction Workers in India and China [T. G. Suresh]
II. Legal Reform and Rights Protest
3. Contesting the Right to Law: Courts and Constitutionalism in India and China [Sanjay Ruparelia]
4. State-Embedded Villages: Rural Protests and Rights Awareness in India and China [Manjusha Nair]
III. Public Goods Provision
5. Parallel Trajectories: The Development of the Welfare State in China and India [Nara Dillon]
6. Higher Education Reform in China and India: The Role of the State [Devesh Kapur and
Elizabeth J. Perry]
IV. Transnational Migration and Investment
7. Rescaling State–Society Relations in China and India [Kellee S. Tsai]
8. Foreign Direct Investment in China and India: History, Economics, and Politics [Min Ye]
Appendix: India–China Timeline, 1947–2016
* Tables and Figures
Tables
6.1 Purchasing power in China and India, 2014
6.2 Number of higher education institutions in China
6.3a Foreign students in India, top countries of origin (2014–2015)
6.3b Number of foreign students in China by country, showing top 10 countries for each year
6.4a Number of foreign students from China and India in the United States
6.4b Number of foreign students from China and India in the United Kingdom
7.1 Migration and remittances among religious groups in Kerala
7.2 Local state–society patterns in cosmopolitan capitalism
8.1 Pre-reform economic indicators of China and India
8.2 Foreign direct investment in China, by region and source, 1993
8.3 Trade balances in India, 2006–2015
8.4 Export density of foreign direct investment in China
8.5 Exports of China and India, 1991 and 2000
8.6 Share of diaspora investment in China and India
8.7 Export density of diaspora and other foreign direct investments in India
Figures
I.1 GDP growth in China and India, 2000–2015
6.1a Gross enrollment ratio in tertiary education
6.1b Enrollment in tertiary education
6.2a Gross enrollment ratio in secondary education
6.2b Enrollment in secondary education
6.3a Number of colleges in India
6.3b Number of universities in India
6.3c Percentage of different types of colleges in India
6.4 Publications of science and engineering articles from China and India in all fields, 1997–2011
7.1 Dual-definitional stretch in state–society relations
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