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Harry Wolcott, one of anthropology's leading writers on ethnographic methods, here addresses the nature of the ethnographic enterprise itself. Tracing its development from its disciplinary origins in sociology and anthropology, he helps the reader understand what is distinctive about ethnography and what it means to conduct research in the ethnographic tradition. In this engaging, thought-provoking book, he distinguishes ethnography as more than just a set of field methods and practices, separating it from many related qualitative research traditions as 'a way of seeing' through the lens of culture. For both beginning and experienced ethnographers in a wide range of disciplines, Wolcott's book will provide important ideas for improving research practice.

Harry F. Wolcott is professor emeritus in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Oregon. He has been at the university since completing a PhD at Stanford in 1964 and has served on the faculties of the College of Education and the Department of Anthropology.

Contents
INTRODUCTION
9

Where in the World Do You Think You Are Going?
19

A Personal Account
20

In Place of Place
24

Keeping Ethnography in Perspective
30

Spradley and McCurdys The Cultural Experience
34

Where Do You Think You Are Going?
38

A WAY OF LOOKING ANDA WAY OF SEEING
41

The Catchall Label
44

Experiencing Enquiring and Examining
46

Distinguishing Between Observers and Participant Observers
48

When Researchers Ask
51

Archival Strategies
58

The Appeal of an Ethnographic Approach to Research
61

Ethnography as a Way of Seeing
65

Ethnography as More than Method
67

What Is an Ethnographic Question?
68

Great Expectations or Mission Impossible?
74

More Expectations
77

Ethnography as Holistic or Contextual
78

Ethnography as CrossCultural and Comparative
82

Ethnography as Idiosyncratic
89

Thinking Broadly About Culture
90

Cultural Orientation
91

Cultural Knowhow
94

Cultural Beliefs
96

Culture and Ethnography Under Siege
98

REPRESENTING AND PRESENTING HUMAN SOCIAL LIFE
101

Ethnography by the Numbers 104

Replicating or Adapting an Existing Model 107

Combining Features from Several Models 110

Working from a Standard Plan 112

Proposing Ones Own Set of Categories 116

More Alternatives 120

The Introductory Text as Informal Field Guide 121

The Modular Approach 125

Meeting Ethnographic Criteria the LowRisK Way 127

Ethnography from Inside Out 131

How Critical Is Difference in Doing Ethnography? 132

Emic and Etic 136

Insiders and Outsiders 137

The Ethnographer Tells the Story of a People 138

The Ethnographer Helps People Tell Their Story 144

The Idea of Native Ethnography 146

Achieving Native Ethnography 149

The Native Goes Anthropologist 154

InformantCentered or PersonCentered Ethnography 156

The Anthropological Life History 159

A Widening Circle of Ethnographic Practices 169

Ethnography of the Self 170

The Anthropology of Experience 174
Ethnographic Evaluation 178

Critical Ethnography 181

Ethnographic Futures 183

Ethnographic Fiction 186

An EverWidening Circle 191

THE BIGGER PICTURE 197

How Having Too Much Time Can Work Against the Ethnographer 198

Working Within Rigorous Time Constraints 202

Ethnographic Reconnaissance 207

Suggestions for Incorporating Ethnographic Reconnaissance as a Research Strategy 210

Systematic Data Collection 214

Stepwise Research 217

Does It Matter Whether or Not Its Ethnography 219

Can You Do Ethnography Without Embracing the Culture Concept? 227

An Assignment to ThinkAbout 228

The New Ethnographer 237

Ethnography as a Piece of Cake 241

Analogy to the Rescue One More Time 244

Essential Ingredients and Ethnography 245

Adding In Culture 251

Cultural Patterning 255

Culture Revisited 257

A Piece of Cake? 262

Living the Ethnographic Life 265

Ethnographic Futures and the Future of Ethnography 266

Ethnography in the Professional Career 271

Ethnography as Occupation and Preoccupation 276

Everybody an Ethnographer? 280

Paying a Price for Living the Ethnographic Life 283

References and Select Bibliography 291

Name Index 319

Subject Index 325

Acknowledgments

About the AuthorAbout the Book
Copyright
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