The Olmecs pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2026

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出版者:W W Norton & Co Inc

作者:Diehl, Richard A.

出品人:

页数:208

译者:

出版时间:

价格:39.95

装帧:HRD

isbn号码:9780500021194

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图书标签:

Olmec
Mesoamerica
Archaeology
Pre-Columbian
Ancient Civilizations
History
Anthropology
Art History
Mexico
Sculpture

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具体描述

The Olmecs of southern Mexico are America's oldest civilization and Mesoamerica's "Mother Culture." Long famous for their colossal heads carved from giant boulders, the Olmecs have fascinated the public and archaeologists alike since the 1940s when National Geographic magazine reported the initial explorations of their centers. Despite well-publicized discoveries of spectacular basalt sculptures, portable jade objects, and richly decorated pottery vessels, until recently almost nothing was known about Olmec history, foreign contacts, and daily life. Now archaeologists have recovered information that allows them to assemble a reasonably complete picture of Olmec culture and its impact on later Mexican civilizations. The Olmecs established the first cities in the Americas on high ground overlooking the rivers that meander across southeastern Mexico's fertile coastal lowlands. Between the thirteenth and sixth centuries BC, rulers of San Lorenzo and La Venta oversaw the construction of palaces, pyramids, plazas, richly stocked tombs, and religious sanctuaries, and commissioned hundreds of sculptures carved from raw basalt. Thousands of Olmec farmers supported themselves and their leaders by growing maize and other domesticated plants. Rulers and priests interceded on behalf of the entire society with the gods and spirits, while merchants ventured into distant lands searching for rare stones, shells, animal pelts, feathers, and exotic foods such as cacao. The Olmecs presents the first modern overview of information from recent archaeological field projects and studies of Olmec art. Profusely illustrated, it will become the standard work on this enigmatic culture.

在遥远的墨西哥南部，一片郁郁葱葱的热带雨林深处，沉睡着一个被遗忘的文明——奥尔梅克。他们是中美洲最早的伟大文明之一，也是玛雅、阿兹特克等后世文明的奠基者。然而，他们的历史，如同被岁月侵蚀的巨石雕像，许多细节已然模糊不清。本书将带领你踏上一段穿越时空的探索之旅，去揭开奥尔梅克文明的神秘面纱。我们将从他们最令人惊叹的遗产——那些重达数十吨、被雕刻成非洲人面孔的巨大石雕头像——开始。这些宏伟的石碑，矗立在荒野之中，沉默地诉说着一个早已消逝的伟大王国的故事。它们是如何被雕刻、运输，以及它们所代表的统治者是谁？这些问题至今仍激发着考古学家和历史学家的无限遐想。我们还将深入奥尔梅克人建造的壮丽仪式中心，如圣洛伦索、拉文塔和特雷斯萨波特斯。在这里，你会看到精心规划的土石建筑、复杂的排水系统，以及用于祭祀和天文观测的祭坛。这些遗址不仅展示了奥尔梅克人卓越的工程技术和组织能力，也揭示了他们深刻的宗教信仰和宇宙观。他们崇拜羽蛇神、美洲豹，并发展出了一套复杂的神话体系，这些元素深刻影响了后来的中美洲文化。本书还将探究奥尔梅克人在社会组织、经济活动和艺术创造方面的成就。他们是如何形成复杂的社会等级制度的？他们的贸易网络延伸到何方？玉石、黑曜石和绿色石头的使用，以及精美的陶器和雕塑，无不体现了奥尔梅克艺术家高超的技艺和独特的审美风格。我们还将审视他们可能发明的早期文字系统和历法，这些都是人类文明发展史上的重要里程碑。然而，奥尔梅克文明为何会在巅峰时期突然衰落？是气候变化、内部冲突，还是来自外部的侵扰？本书将综合最新的考古发现和学界研究，对这些长久存在的谜团进行深入探讨，并提出各种可能的解释。通过本书，你将了解到奥尔梅克人不仅是巨石雕像的创造者，更是中美洲文明的先驱。他们在中美洲的地理和文化景观中留下了不可磨灭的印记，他们的智慧、信仰和创造力，如同那些沉默的巨石，继续在历史的长河中回响。这是一次深入了解一个失落文明的旅程，一次对人类早期智慧和创造力的致敬。