This groundbreaking book provides an integrated account of ethnic, nationality and sectarian conflicts in the contemporary world including the role of collective myths, the mass media and the ethnification of identities as contributors to ethnic conflicts and wars. In addition to many examples from the last two decades, Oberschall provides a comprehensive overview of the conflict and peace processes in Bosnia, Northern Ireland, and the Middle East. Oberschall analyzes: peace building through constitutional design; power sharing governance; disarming combatants, post-accord security and refugee return; transitional justice (truth and reconciliation commissions, war crimes tribunals); and, economic and social reconstruction in a multiethnic society. This book covers the military, legal and moral dilemmas of: fighting insurgencies and counterinsurgencies for states fighting non-state insurgents and terrorists (in the Occupied Territories, Balkan wars, Afghanistan, Iraq), external interventions by states and the UN, the shortcomings of humanitarian intervention (in Rwanda, Bosnia, and Darfur), peace negotiations and agreements and their implementation. This book will be essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers and academics interested in the fields of peace studies, war and conflict studies, ethnic studies and political sociology.