The traditional pursuit of whales by Eskimo hunters, as it continues to be practiced, is an activity in which humans interact directly with nature. To present-day urban dwellers, such association between people, animals, and the environment may seem exotic. But for the Inupiat and Yupik peoples these relationships are important, vital pursuits. A copublication project with the Canadian Circumpolar Institute Press of the University of Alberta, this volume traces regional Native whaling practices for the past 2,000 years. Contributions center on three themes: variation in whaling practices, Yupik and Inupiat whaling traditions over time, and interactions with changing environmental conditions that include major climatic episodes as well as shorter perturbations. Emphasis is placed on the diversity of approaches to subsistence whaling. While the majority of contributions result from NSF-funded research, several other contributors are ethnographers and archaeologists who have carried out whale research in Alaska for many years. Also included are essays presenting Russian research along the western margin of the Bering Strait and the Bering and Chukchi seas.