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"Adversity" involves exposure to unpropitious or calamitous circumstances. It occurs in extreme situations such as prolonged combat or natural disasters, both of which affect whole groups or communities of people simultaneously. It is found as well in more individually targeted events such as child abuse, bereavement, rape, physical illness, marital separation or divorce, unemployment, and homelessness. Exposure to adversity is not randomly distributed in society. It varies, for example, with gender, ethnic or racial background, and socioeconomic status. And some types of adversity can be precipitated by an individual's own actions. In this volume, the leading investigators review research on the nature of adversity and its relationship to major types of psychopathology including schizophrenia, depression, alcoholism and other substance-use disorders, antisocial personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and nonspecific distress. These relationships are examined in terms of theoretical concepts of life stress that describe the characteristics of the ongoing situation in which adverse events occur and the factors of personality and coping ability that also affect psychiatric outcomes. The authors sift through firm and infirm findings and critically evaluate existing theory and research strategies and provide and integrative theoretical framework. No other book offers as comprehensive and authoritative a discussion of the role of psychosocial stress in causing mental disorders.

Bruce P. Dohrenwend, Ph.D., is Professor of Psychiatry and Public Health at Columbia University.

Bruce P. Dohrenwend: Introduction
Part I: Extreme Situations
Morton Beiser: Introduction
1: Itzhak Levav: Individuals Under Conditions of Maximum Adversity: The Holocaust
2: Richard F. Mollica, Charles Poole, Svang Tor: Symptoms, Functioning and Health Problems in a Massively Traumatized Population: The Legacy of the Cambodian Tragedy
3: Terence M. Keane: Psychological Effects of Military Combat
4: Robert Giel: Natural and Human-made Disasters
Part II: Individual Events
William W. Eaton and Bruce P. Dohrenwend: Introduction
5: Cathy Spatz Widon: Childhood Victimization: Early Adversity and Subsequent Psychopathology
6: Paul J. Clayton: Model of Stress: The Bereavement Reaction
7: Stanislav B. Kasl, Eunice Rodriguez, Kathryn E. Lasch: The Impact of Unemployment on Health and Well-being
8: Daniel B. Herman, Ezra S. Susser, Elmer L. Struening: Homelessness, Stress and Psychopathology
9: Suzanne C. Ouellette: The Value and Limitations of Stress Models in HIV/AIDS
10: Dean G. Kilpatrick, Heidi S. Resnick, Benjamin E. Saunders, Connie L. Best: Rape, Other Violence Against Women, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
11: Mary Amanda Dew: Psychiatric Disorder in the Context of Physical Illness
12: Martha L. Bruce: Divorce and Psychopathology
Part III: Epidemiologic Studies
Evelyn Bromet and Bruce P. Dohrenwend: Introduction
13: Robert Kohn, Bruce P. Dohrenwend, Jerrold Mirotznik: Psychiatric Disorders in the General Population
14: Bruce P. Dohrenwend, Itzhak Levav, Patrick E. Shrout, Sharon Schwartz, Guedalia Naveh, Bruce G. Link, Andrew E. Skodol, and Anne Stuece: Ethnic Status, Socioeconomic Status, and Psychiatric Disorders: the Social Causation-Social Selection Issue
15: Naomi Breslau, Glenn Davis, Patricia Andreski, Belle Federman, James C. Anthony: PTSD and Comorbid Disorders in the General Population
16: Lee M. Robins: Exposure to "Fateful" Events: A Confounder in Assigning Causal Roles to Life Events
17: Ann Stueve, Bruce P. Dohrenwend, Andrew E. Skodol: Stressful Life Events and Episodes of Major Depression and Non-Affective Psychotic Disorders
18: George W. Brown: Loss and Depressive Disorders
Part IV: Stress Moderating and Amplifying Factors
David Mechanic: Introduction
19: Andrew E. Skodol: Personality and Coping As Stress Attentuating or Amplifying Factorss
20: A.S. Henderson: Social Support: Its Prsent Significance for Psychiatric Epidemiology
21: Bruce G. Link, Mary Clare Lennon, Bruce P. Dohrenwend: Some Characteristics of Occupations as Risk or Productive Factors
22: Mary Clare Lennon: Domestic Arrangements and Depressive Symptoms: An Examination of Housework Conditions
Part V: Complementary Approaches
Robert M. Rose: Introduction
23: Patrick E. Shrout, Bruce G. Link: Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Stress and Adversity
24: Gary W. Kraemer, Jocelyne Bachevalier: Cognitive Changes Associated with Persisting Behavioral Effects of Early Psychosocial Stress in Rhesus Monkeys: The View From Psychobiology
25: EWllen Frank, Jordan Karp: Physiological Correlates of Stress, Adversity, and Psychopathology
26: Kenneth S. Kendler: Adversity, Stress and Psychopathology: A Psychiatric Genetic Perspective
27: Sheppard G. Kellam, Lawrence S. Mayer, George W. Rebok, Wesley E. Hawkins: Effects of Improving Achievement on Aggressive Behavior and of Improving Aggressive Behavior on Achievement Through Two Preventive Interventions: An Investigation of Causal Paths
28: Bruce P. Dohrenwend: A Perspective on Adversity, Stress and Psychopathology
Part VI: Overview and Integration
Bruce P. Dohrenwend: Introduction
29: Bruce P. Dohrenwend: Overview of Evidence for the Importance of Adverse Environmental Conditions
30: Bruce P. Dohrenwend: Theoretical Integration
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