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List of Figures ix
List of Tables x
How to Use the Book xii
Introducing the Manifesto Data: Background xvi
I. PARTIES AND REPRESENTATION IN EASTERN EUROPE AND
THE EUROPEAN UNION
1. Uniquely! Over-Time Mapping of Party Policy Movements in Central
and Eastern Europe 1990–2003 3
2. Beyond the Left-Right Dimension: Policy Profiles and Programmatic
Coherence of Party Groupings in the European Parliament 28
3. A Common Space for Electoral Communication? Comparing Party and
Voter Placements on a Left-Right Continuum inWestern Europe
and CEE 51
II. METHODOLOGY AND MEASUREMENT
4. Evaluating Validity with the Standard Left-Right Scale: Matching
Measurements to Conceptual Intentions 63
5. Information or Error? Reliability of Policy Time Series 86
6. Quantifying Policy Emphases in Texts Using the CMP Approach:
Comparisons with Alternative Approaches 105
7. Exploiting Manifesto-Based Estimates of the Median for Multi-Level
Analysis: Relating Electoral, Legislative and Government
Policy Preferences 124
8. Using the Data 138
Appendix I. Description of Manifesto Data-Set 150
Appendix II. Manifesto Coding Instructions 164
Appendix III. Political Parties Included in the Data-Set 195
Appendix IV. Missing Party Documents 236
viii Contents
General Bibliography 238
Select Bibliography of Manifesto-Related Research 247
Bibliography of Electoral Data Sources 253
Index 261
CD-ROM CONTENTS
Appendix I. Description of Manifesto Data-Set
Appendix II. Manifesto Coding Instructions
Appendix III. Political Parties included in the Data-Set
Appendix IV. Missing Party Documents
Appendix V. Party Programmes, Titles and Sources
Data-Set Mean Percentage Scores for Parties on Six Policy Scales
Data-Set Median Voter Positions
Data-Set Government Policy Positions
Data-Set Policy Estimates and Party Votes 1990–2003
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