Much contemporary thinking about language is animated by the idea that the core function of language is to represent how the world is and that therefore the notion of representation should play a fundamental explanatory role in any explanation of language and language use. Leading thinkers in the field explore various ways this idea may be challenged as well as obstacles to developing various forms of anti-representationalism. Particular attention is given to deflationary accounts of truth, the role of language in expressing mental states, and the normative and the natural as they relate to issues of representation. The chapters further various fundamental debates in metaphysics--for example, concerning the question of finding a place for moral properties in a naturalistic world-view--and illuminate the relation of the recent neo-pragmatist revival to the expressivist stream in analytic philosophy of language.
Steven Gross is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Johns Hopkins University, with affiliations as well with the Departments of Cognitive Science and of Psychological and Brain Sciences. He received his PhD in philosophy from Harvard University. Gross has published on a variety of topics in philosophy of language and philosophy of mind, including context-sensitivity, cognitive penetrability, innateness, and the nature of linguistic evidence. His current projects include papers on perceptual consciousness and on temporal representation.
NicholasTebben earned his PhD from Johns Hopkins in 2013, and is presently a lecturer in philosophy at Towson University. He specializes in epistemology and the philosophy of language, and his work has appeared in Synthese, among other journals.
Michael Williams is a Krieger-Eisenhower Professor in the Department of Philosophy at the Johns Hopkins University and a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. His main interests are epistemology, philosophy of language, (both approached from a broadly pragmatist standpoint) and the history of modern philosophy. He is the author ofGroundless Belief (1977; 2nd edition 1999), Unnatural Doubts (1992; 2nd edition 1996) andProblems of Knowledge (2001), as well as numerous articles. He is currently working on a book on different forms of philosophical skepticism with the working titleCurious Researches: Reflections on Skepticism Ancient and Modern.
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这本书的封面设计十分引人注目,深邃的蓝色背景搭配着烫金的书名,散发出一种沉静而又神秘的气息。我一直对那些能够激发深度思考的书籍情有独钟,而这本书的名字,"Meaning Without Representation",就瞬间抓住了我的好奇心。它似乎在暗示着一种超越表象、直抵本质的探索,一种在没有具体符号或具象表达的情况下,依然能够触及事物深层意义的可能性。我脑海中立刻浮现出许多与此相关的哲学概念,例如语言的局限性、直觉的洞察力,以及我们对世界理解的非符号化维度。这本书是否会探讨那些无法被语言完全捕捉的情感体验?它是否会剖析艺术、音乐或某些精神体验中那些难以言喻的共鸣?我期待它能提供一种全新的视角,帮助我理解那些虽然难以名状,却深刻影响我们认知和情感的“意义”。
评分我一直认为,“意义”是我们理解世界的基础,而“表征”则是我们构建意义的工具。所以,当我在书店看到这本书的名字时,我的第一反应是好奇,但紧接着便产生了一丝困惑。“没有表征的意义”,这听起来有些悖论。我当时设想,这本书或许会是一场关于语言哲学、符号学或者认知科学的深度探讨,可能会解析在某些特殊情况下,意义是如何绕过传统的表征机制而形成的。例如,在一些早期的艺术形式中,或者在某些非语言交流的场合,意义的传递是如何实现的?它是否会涉及到我们大脑中更深层次的认知模式,那些在潜意识中运作、不依赖于明确符号的理解过程?我带着这些疑问,翻开了这本书,期待它能为我揭示一个未知的认知领域。
评分读完这本书,我感到一种前所未有的思维解放。它挑战了我过去对“意义”的许多固有认知,尤其是在“表征”这一概念上的固有模式。我一直习惯于将意义与具体的符号、语言、图像联系起来,认为意义的产生必然需要某种载体。然而,这本书却带领我踏上了一条截然不同的道路,去探索那些在缺乏明确表征的情况下依然存在并发挥作用的意义。这让我反思,在很多时候,我们是否过度依赖于外部的符号系统,而忽视了内在的、直接的感受和理解?它给我带来的启发是,即使面对一些模糊、难以言说的现象,我们依然可以通过一种更加直观、更加本体论的方式去把握其核心。我开始尝试着去感受那些超越语言描述的情感瞬间,去体悟那些没有具体形态却能深刻打动人心的事物,这种体验是如此新奇且令人着迷。
评分这本书的阅读体验,宛如一场静谧的精神漫步。它没有喧嚣的论断,也没有激烈的辩驳,而是以一种温和而有力的笔触,引导读者一步步深入那些被我们日常忽视的角落。我仿佛置身于一片广阔的思维空间,在那里,传统的界限变得模糊,以往固定的概念开始松动。它让我重新审视那些曾经习以为常的“意义”,思考它们是否真的如我所理解的那般,总是需要清晰的“表征”来支撑。我开始留意生活中那些微妙的、难以用语言形容的感受,那些在刹那间触动心灵的瞬间。它们并非来自具象的语言或图像,却真实地存在,并深刻地影响着我的情绪和判断。这种对“无表征意义”的探索,为我打开了一扇通往内在世界的窗户。
评分在翻阅这本书之前,我一直认为“意义”的产生和传递,离不开具体的“表征”——无论是文字、图像,还是声音。我习惯于将事物进行符号化,然后通过对符号的解读来理解其意义。因此,当我看到“Meaning Without Representation”这个书名时,我被深深地吸引住了。这是一种挑战我现有认知框架的提法,让我不禁去思考,是否存在一种超越符号和具象表达的意义?它是否会涉及到某些更加本源、更加直接的认知方式?我脑海中勾勒出许多可能的方向:可能是对某些艺术形式的解读,它们可能通过某种纯粹的形式或氛围传达深层的感受;也可能是对人类非语言交流的探索,例如肢体语言、表情,甚至是一种难以言喻的“气场”;亦或是关于意识和潜意识的边界,探讨在没有明确意识到的情况下,我们如何感知和理解世界。
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