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Cross-cultural relations are spatial relations. Enclave to Urbanity is the first book in English that examines how the architecture and the urban landscape of Guangzhou framed the relations between the Western mercantile and missionary communities and the city’s predominantly Chinese population. The book takes readers through three phases: the Thirteen Factories era from the eighteenth century to the 1850s; the Shamian enclave up to the early twentieth century; and the adoption of Western building techniques throughout the city as its architecture modernized in the early Republic. The discussion of architecture goes beyond stylistic trends to embrace the history of shared and disputed spaces, using a broadly chronological approach that combines social history with architectural and spatial analysis. With over a hundred carefully chosen images, this book illustrates how the foreign architectural footprints of the past form the modern Guangzhou.

Johnathan Andrew Farris received his BA from Yale University, his MA from the University of Virginia, and his PhD from Cornell University. Originally from Lexington, Kentucky, he currently teaches art and architectural history in Hong Kong.

Introduction 1
Chapter 1: The Thirteen Factories: An Architecture of Sino-Western Collaboration and Confrontation
Situation
Origins and Materials
Façades: Changes and Continuities
Plans and Room Use
Everyday Life: Inhabitants and Rituals
The Pearl River: Transportation, Habitation, and Linkages
Connecting Fabric: The Square, the Street, and Regulating Relations
Violated Boundaries and the Factory as Fortress
Turf Disputes
Tensions Boil, Crowds Erupt
Defensible Space and Its Final Vanity
Chapter 2: Westerners Draw Their Boundaries: Insular Living and Its Exceptions
Modest Living and Work South of the River: Honam
A New Era but a Separate Peace: Dwelling on Shamian
Presenting a European Face: A Survey of Houses on Shamian,1870–1900
Western Official and Commercial Buildings Outside Shamian
Domesticity and Division: Inside the Foreign House and Yard, 1865–1900
A Problem of Translation: Missionaries Confront (and Inhabit) the City
Neighboring Sparks, Local Flames: Violence and Space in the 1880s
The Later Nineteenth Century and the Two Worlds of Guangzhou
Chapter 3: Dining, Shopping, Bombarding, and Touring: Foreigners in the Traditional City
Guests and Customers: “Invited” Foreigners in the Early Nineteenth Century
Visiting a Buddhist Monastery
Flower Grounds
Invitation to a Chop-stick Dinner
The Impulse to Buy
The City Question: Entry and Mapping in the Third Quarter of the Nineteenth Century
Tourism at the Sunset of Imperial Guangzhou: Institutions, Ideologies, and Power
The Press of the Crowd
The “Regulation” Sites
Urban Fabric and Western Perceptions
Chapter 4: Xin Guangzhou : Architecture, Foreigners, and Modernity in the Early Twentieth Century
New Business, New Buildings, and Cross-Cultural Controversy in Twentieth-Century Shamian
Learning and Living Together: Foreign Philanthropic Institutions
Xin Guangzhou : Foreigners and the Modernization of Canton
Civic Visions: The Sights of Republican Guangzhou
Chapter 5: Conclusion
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
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