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As much a portrait of his time as a biography of the man, Karl Marx: Greatness and Illusion returns the author of Das Kapital to his nineteenth-century world, before twentieth-century inventions transformed him into Communism’s patriarch and fierce lawgiver. Gareth Stedman Jones depicts an era dominated by extraordinary challenges and new notions about God, human capacities, empires, and political systems—and, above all, the shape of the future.

In the aftermath of the Battle of Waterloo, a Europe-wide argument began about the industrial transformation of England, the Revolution in France, and the hopes and fears generated by these occurrences. Would the coming age belong to those enthralled by the revolutionary events and ideas that had brought this world into being, or would its inheritors be those who feared and loathed it? Stedman Jones gives weight not only to Marx’s views but to the views of those with whom he contended. He shows that Marx was as buffeted as anyone else living through a period that both confirmed and confounded his interpretations—and that ultimately left him with terrible intimations of failure.

Karl Marx allows the reader to understand Marx’s milieu and development, and makes sense of the devastating impact of new ways of seeing the world conjured up by Kant, Hegel, Feuerbach, Ricardo, Saint-Simon, and others. We come to understand how Marx transformed and adapted their philosophies into ideas that would have—through twists and turns inconceivable to him—an overwhelming impact across the globe in the twentieth century.

Gareth Stedman Jones is Professor of the History of Ideas at Queen Mary University of London and Director of the Centre for History and Economics at the University of Cambridge.

Illustrations*
Maps
1. The Rhineland before 1789—‘The Monks’ Corridor’
2. The French Occupation of the Rhineland during the Revolution and the Napoleonic Era
3. Paris and the Battles of the Franco-Prussian War
4. Marx’s London, 1848–1883
Acknowledgements
Prologue: The Making of an Icon, 1883–1920
1. Fathers and Sons: The Ambiguities of Becoming a Prussian
2. The Lawyer, the Poet and the Lover
3. Berlin and the Approaching Twilight of the Gods
4. Rebuilding the Polis: Reason Takes On the Christian State
5. The Alliance of Those Who Think and Those Who Suffer: Paris, 1844
6. Exile in Brussels, 1845–8
7. The Approach of Revolution: The Problem about Germany
8. The Mid-Century Revolutions
9. London
10. The Critique of Political Economy
11. Capital, Social Democracy and the International
12. Back to the Future
Epilogue
Notes and References
Bibliography
Index
* Illustrations
1. The young Marx
2. Portrait of Jenny Marx, undated
3. Karl Marx, editor of the Rheinische Zeitung 1842–3, by Ernst Schaumann
4. Heinrich Heine with Jenny and Karl Marx. Drawing, 1848
5. Eleanor Marx, at the age of 18, 1873
6. Karl Marx’s eldest daughters, Jenny and Laura, c. 1865. Photograph
7. Karl Marx and his wife, Jenny, c. 1850s
8. Helene Demuth
9. Friedrich Engels, 1870
10. Moses Hess, 1847
11. Mikhail Aleksandrovich Bakunin
12. Pierre Joseph Proudhon
13. Dr Andreas Gottschalk, portrait by Wilhelm Kleinenbroich, 1849
14. Ferdinand Lassalle, c. 1860
15. Dr Eduard Gumpert
16. Wilhelm Wolff
17. Trier, a view over the river Mosel to Trier. Steel engraving, undated (c. 1850?), by Johann Poppel after a drawing by Ludwig Lange (1808–1868)
18. The title page of the Deutsch-Französische Jahrbücher, Paris, 1844
19. The bodies of those killed during the February street fighting paraded through Paris. (Engraving by J Gaildrau in a history of France.)
20. Session of the Commission des travailleurs, Paris, 1948
21. Barricade fighting in Cologne, 1848
22. Berlin, 1848, illustration from Carl Schurz, Reminiscences, Vol. I (McClure Publishing Co., 1907)
23. The Chartist Meeting on Kennington Common, 10 April 1848, from F. Dimond and R. Taylor, Crown & Camera: The Royal Family and Photography 1842–1910 (Harmondsworth, 1987)
24. The First Edition of ‘Neue Rheinische Zeitung’ 1 June 1848
25. Thibault: The barricade of Saint-Maur-Popincourt 26 June 1848
26. Insurgents in custody
27. Opening ceremony of the International Exhibition
28. William Powell Frith, Ramsgate Sands (Life at the Seaside), 1851–54
29. Aftermath of the Commune
30. Chinese poster from the Cultural Revolution celebrating the centenary of the Paris Commune
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