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This is the first complete, critical English translation of the Cakrasaṃvara Tantra, also known as the Śrīherukābhidhāna and Laghusaṃvara. Composed in India during the eighth century, this text is a foundational scripture of one of the most important Indian Buddhist tantric traditions, as evidenced by the vast number of commentaries and ritual literature associated with it. The author’s introductory essay provides an analysis of the historical and intellectual contexts in which the text was composed, and also investigates the history of its adaptation by Buddhists. The translation itself is heavily annotated, with extensive translations from the Indian and Tibetan commentaries on the text. Includes a trilingual glossary and index.

DAVID B. GRAY was formerly a lecturer in the Religious Studies Department at Rice University. Now Assistant Professor, Religious Studies department, Santa Clara University, California.

Series Editor’s Preface. ix
Author’s Preface. xv
INTRODUCTION: THE STUDY OF THE CAKRASAMVARA TANTRA
1. Introduction to the Cakrasaṃvara Tantra
The Cakrasaṃvara and the Yoginī Tantras. 3
Dating the Text. 11
Cakrasaṃvara Literature. 15
2. Traditional History of the Cakrasaṃvara Tantra
Mythic Root Texts. 28
The Origin of Heruka. 35
3. Contents and Contexts
The Triple Wheel Maṇḍala. 54
Dākiṇīs, Yoginīs, and Women. 77
Consecration and the Sexual Yogas. 103
Mantras and Magic. 131
4. Texts and Translation
Texts Employed. 137
Translation Methodology. 145
Technical Notes. 151
TRANSLATION OF THE CAKRASAMVARA TANTRA
I. The Descent of the Maṇḍala. 155
II. The Procedure of Wheel Worship. 164
III. The Procedure of Consecration and Fee [Payment]. 171
IV. The Procedure Called ‘The Nonduality of the Heroes and Yoginīs’. 178
V. The Procedure of Selecting the Letters of the Root Mantra. 181
VI. The Procedure of Selecting the Hero’s Six Armor [Mantras]. 186
VII. The Procedure of Selecting the Mantra. 188
VIII. The Procedure of Selecting the Reversed Yoginī Mantras. 194
IX. The Procedure of the Ritual Actions of the Root Mantra. 196
X. The Achievement of the Triple Body and the Procedure of the Ritual Actions of the Essence Mantra. 202
XI. The Procedure of Characterizing the Seven-lived One. 206
XII. The Procedure of the Ritual Actions of the Quintessence. 209
XIII. The Procedure of the Applications of the Armor Mantra. 214
XIV. The Procedure of the Donkey Form Yoga for Becoming Śrī Heruka. 217
XV. The Procedure of the Syllabic Signs. 222
XVI. The Procedure of Examining the Characteristics of the Seven Yoginīs. 226
XVII. The Procedure of the Signs, Gestures, and Perambulant Forms of All Yoginīs. 232
XVIII. The True Procedure of the Colors, Characteristics, and Signs of all Yoginīs. 236
XIX. The Procedure of Pointing Out the Gestures of the Yoginīs. 239
XX. The Procedure of the Symbolic Hand Gestures of the Yoginīs. 243
XXI. The Procedure of the Characteristics of the Visual Body Gestures. 246
XXII. The Procedure of the Characteristics of the Distinctive Limb Gestures. 248
XXIII. The Procedure of the Characteristics of the Dakinis Signs and Insignia. 250
XXIV. The Procedure of the Symbolic Speech of the Four Classes. 256
XXV. The Procedure of Completely Hiding the Root Mantra. 263
XXVI. The Procedures of Inspecting the Disciple and the Vows. 265
XXVII. The Procedures of the Conduct, Observances, Worship, and Sacrificial Cakes. 271
XXVIII. The Procedures of the Inner Fire Sacrifice and Class Oneness. 282
XXIX. The Procedures of the Messenger’s Defining Marks and the State of Empowerment. 289
XXX. The Procedure of Mantra Selection Bound in the Muraja Drum. 292
XXXI. The Procedure of the Rites of Eating, Fire Sacrifice and the Sacrificial Cakes, and the Hand Signs. 297
XXXII. The Procedures of the Animal Sacrificial Victims, the Means of Achieving the Zombie, and the Creation Stage. 300
XXXIII. The Reverential Procedure of Secret Worship. 305
XXXIV. The Procedure of Summoning via the Fire Sacrifice of the Nondual Messenger. 308
XXXV. The Procedure of the Nondual Ritual Action and the Method of Cheating Black Death. 312
XXXVI. The Procedure of Summoning the Reality Worship. 317
XXXVII. The Procedure of Inner Mastery. 320
XXXVIII. The Procedure of the Yoginīs’ Place and the Heroes’ Secret Abode. 322
XXXVIX. The Procedure of Vision and Loud Laughter. 325
XL. The Procedures of Subjugating the Five Social Classes and Mahāmudrā. 327
XLI. The Procedure of Laying Down the Mariclala of the Twenty-four Syllables. 329
XLII. The Procedure of the Laughter Mantra and the Magic of the Yoginīs’ Forms. 338
XLIII. The Procedure of Accomplishing the Ritual Actions of the Quintessence [Mantra]. 343
XLIV. The Procedure of the Six Yoginīs’ Ritual Actions with the Seven Syllable [Mantra]. 350
XLV. The Six Yoginī Ritual Actions and the Summoning of the Power of Speech. 353
XLVI. The Procedure of Ritual Actions with the Five ha Syllables. 358
XLVII. The Procedure of All Ritual Actions of the Sarvabuddhadākiṇī Mantra. 360
XLVIII. The Procedure of the Mandala of the Hidden Abode of all Heroes and Dākiṇīs. 364
XLIX. The Procedure of Transforming the Victim who is Born Seven Times. 367
L. The Procedure of the Domination Fire Sacrifice and the Teaching of the Stages in Relation to the Seats, etc. 370
LI. Creation Stage Esoteric Instruction. 376
Glossaries. 385
Conspectus Siglorum. 405
Bibliography. 409
Index. 437
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