圖書標籤: 古希臘 Thucydides 古典學 曆史 修昔底德 新聞傳播/經濟/管理/政治/曆史/文化 文化/曆史/考古/地理/新經管/政法 政治學
发表于2024-11-22
History of the Peloponnesian War, Volume I pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024
Loeb Classical Library 108
Thucydides of Athens, one of the greatest of historians, was born about 471 BCE. He saw the rise of Athens to greatness under the inspired leadership of Pericles. In 430, the second year of the Peloponnesian War, he caught and survived the horrible plague which he described so graphically. Later, as general in 423 he failed to save Amphipolis from the enemy and was disgraced. He tells about this, not in volumes of self-justification, but in one sentence of his history of the war—that it befell him to be an exile for twenty years. He then lived probably on his property in Thrace, but was able to observe both sides in certain campaigns of the war, and returned to Athens after her defeat in 404. He had been composing his famous history, with its hopes and horrors, triumphs and disasters, in full detail from first-hand knowledge of his own and others.
The war was really three conflicts with one uncertain peace after the first; and Thucydides had not unified them into one account when death came sometime before 396. His history of the first conflict, 431–421, was nearly complete; Thucydides was still at work on this when the war spread to Sicily and into a conflict (415–413) likewise complete in his awful and brilliant record, though not fitted into the whole. His story of the final conflict of 413–404 breaks off (in the middle of a sentence) when dealing with the year 411. So his work was left unfinished and as a whole unrevised. Yet in brilliance of description and depth of insight this history has no superior.
I say that our city as a whole is the school of Hellas. We live under a form of government which does not emulate the institutions of our neighbours; on the contrary, we are ourselves a model which some follow, rather than the imitators of other peoples.It is true that our government is called a democracy, because its administration is in the hands
評分I say that our city as a whole is the school of Hellas. We live under a form of government which does not emulate the institutions of our neighbours; on the contrary, we are ourselves a model which some follow, rather than the imitators of other peoples.It is true that our government is called a democracy, because its administration is in the hands
評分I say that our city as a whole is the school of Hellas. We live under a form of government which does not emulate the institutions of our neighbours; on the contrary, we are ourselves a model which some follow, rather than the imitators of other peoples.It is true that our government is called a democracy, because its administration is in the hands
評分希臘人似乎認為,為自由而使用強力乃至暴力也都是公認的正義;為國傢的自由而抵 抗侵略當然是不言而喻的正義;這種正義甚至應該獲得一種普遍的法律形式,所以有所 謂“抵抗侵略者總是正當的這一條公認的法律”的意見。國傢的存在既然如上所述意味著所有或至少是大多數的自由公民的共同自由,意味著多數人的利益意願都是正義的。不僅是實行直接民主製、由多數人統治的雅典總是把全體人的利益視為正義。盡管後來柏拉圖等試圖從絕對的善來解釋、限定正義,但是在之前,希臘人在政治中仍然將利益作為要素引入正義範疇(雖然未經亞裏士多德式的細分)。希臘人在說服他人、他國時或為自己的行動進行辯解時,一般總是交替使用兩個尺度,即既說正義,又說利益所在,以 此為行動決策的兩大基本標準。
評分希臘人似乎認為,為自由而使用強力乃至暴力也都是公認的正義;為國傢的自由而抵 抗侵略當然是不言而喻的正義;這種正義甚至應該獲得一種普遍的法律形式,所以有所 謂“抵抗侵略者總是正當的這一條公認的法律”的意見。國傢的存在既然如上所述意味著所有或至少是大多數的自由公民的共同自由,意味著多數人的利益意願都是正義的。不僅是實行直接民主製、由多數人統治的雅典總是把全體人的利益視為正義。盡管後來柏拉圖等試圖從絕對的善來解釋、限定正義,但是在之前,希臘人在政治中仍然將利益作為要素引入正義範疇(雖然未經亞裏士多德式的細分)。希臘人在說服他人、他國時或為自己的行動進行辯解時,一般總是交替使用兩個尺度,即既說正義,又說利益所在,以 此為行動決策的兩大基本標準。
正义和利益,这是一对永恒的矛盾。行正义是否一定带来利益?当然不是,而且,恰恰相反,正义往往带来不利——这样的话,为什么还要行正义呢?有没有独立于任何利益的绝对的正义?这本是个哲学问题,却经由一位“历史学家”得到了极为深刻的阐述——修希底德在记叙伯罗奔尼撒战...
評分《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》第二卷第二章,叙述了战争刚刚开始的情况。当时双方尚未正式接战,斯巴达人和盟友们陈兵于科林斯地峡,派了一个叫米利西佩斯的人前往雅典,探寻对方在大兵压境的逼迫下是否有和谈的意愿。米利西佩斯来到雅典城外,见到了雅典的市民和官员,却被禁止进城。...
評分古希腊的精神 ——读《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》中的伯里克利演说词 “我不想作一篇冗长的演说来评述一些你们都很熟悉的问题:所以我不说我们用以取得我们的势力的一些军事行动,也不说我们父辈英勇地抵抗我们希腊内部的和外部敌人的战役。我所要说的,首先是讨论我们曾经受到考验...
評分看到第七卷。西西里远征。倾尽整个帝国力量的远征军全军覆灭。 撤退的时候,描写跟着军队被撤走的士兵看到被遗弃的活人,“全军上下泪水涟涟”。我不禁也是泫然欲泣了。——看历史的时候,我总是难以像平常那样产生共情的,毕竟两千多年前的事件,如果没有修昔底德或者其他史家...
評分1米诺斯是第一个组织海军的人 4 2此时,希伦人和沿海一带与岛屿上的蛮族开始海上掠夺,并且这种职业并不被认为是可耻的。 4-5 3雅典人最早放弃随身携带武器的习俗,而斯巴达人最早穿着简单的服装,最早实行裸体运动 5 4“因此,我们不应单纯凭城市的外表来判断而不考虑他...
History of the Peloponnesian War, Volume I pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2024