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I spent over 25 years as a research scientist in natural history and ecology in forest, shrub steppe, subarctic, desert, coastal, and agricultural settings. Trained primarily as a vertebrate zoologist, I was a research mammalogist in Nubia, Egypt, (1963-1964) with the Yale University Peabody Museum Prehistoric Expedition and a research mammalogist in Nepal (1966-1967), where I participated in a study of tick-borne diseases for the U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit #3 based in Cairo, Egypt. I conducted a three-year (1970-1973) ecological survey of the Oregon Coast for the University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, Washington. I was a research ecologist with the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management for thirteen years (1974-1987)--the last eight studying old-growth forests in western Oregon--and a landscape ecologist with the Environmental Protection Agency for one year (1990-1991).

PREFACE
PART ONE—NATURE'S DESIGN OF A FOREST VERSUS OUR DESIGN OF A FOREST
Nature designed a forest as an experiment in unpredictability.
We are trying to design a regulated forest.
Nature designed a forest of long-term trends.
We are trying to design a forest of short-term absolutes.
Nature designed a forest with diversity.
We are designing a forest with simplistic uniformity.
Nature designed a forest with interrelated processes.
We are trying to design a forest based on isolated products.
Nature designed a forest in which all elements are neutral.
We are designing a forest in which we perceive some elements as good, others bad.
Nature designed a forest to be a flexible, timeless continuum of species.
We are designing a forest to be a rigid, time-constrained monoculture.
Nature designed a forest over a landscape.
We are trying to design a forest on each acre.
Nature designed Pacific Northwest forests to live 500-1200 years.
We are designing a forest that may seldom live 100 years.
Nature designed Pacific Northwest forests to be unique in the word—25 species of conifers, 7 major ones, the longest lived and the largest of their genera.
We are designing a forest based largely on a single-species, short rotation.
Nature designed a forest to be self-sustaining, self-repairing.
We are designing a forest to require increasing external subsides—fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides.
PART 2—AS WE THINK SO WE MANAGE
Technology, science, and uncertainty
Special cases and common denominators
Short-term economic expedience
Greece
Mediterrenean
Middle East
Forest decline
Of automobiles and forests
On genetics and Swiss bank accounts
A forest is cyclical, not linear
What you see is not the whole story
Ace is low
Where are you?
There is no magic hinge
Planning—our half-used data
PART 3—CHANGE, WHY ARE WE AFRAID OF IT?
No "enemies" are "out there"
The crack in the sidewalk
To judge or not to judge
decisions, Decisions, DECISIONS
A good decision
Of captains and cooks
Hidden agendas
Emotion and logic
A gift from Elisabeth
Our human experience
PART 4—WE ARE AS FREE AS OUR IMAGINATION
Sustainable forests = sustainable harvests
Who old growth
If we really want the spotted owl to survive
And God gave us only so much water
The enemy in the courtroom
Alice in objectiveland
"…it was then that I carried you."
Restoration forestry
The future is today
APPENDIX 1
APPENDIX 2
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