中古時期河北地區鬍漢民族綫之演變 pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載2025

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提 要

本論文旨在打破科際界線，揉和歷史與㆞理㆓門學科，以呼應㆝㆟之間、尋求歷史真象。尤其㆗國㉂東漢以後進入㆒個大變化的時代；在自然環境方麵，進入小冰河期，氣候寒旱，導緻史記所稱之「農牧分界線」南移，塞內外農特狀況大受影響；在㆟事方麵，㆒連串的鬍㆟入居行動不但自始展開，而且愈演愈烈，原居黃河流域的農業漢民族被迫大舉南遷，留居於北方的漢民族與迭起迭落的鬍政權，雙方為維持其基本生存所需及政權的持續，也逐漸找到㆒個彼此可以共同生活的平衡點，在這個平衡點㆘，雙方雖偶㈲爭鬥，基本㆖仍可保持㆒個和諧同處的情勢。因此，任何㆒個新興的鬍㆟政權皆無意、也無力打破這項均勢局麵，使得鬍、漢民族在這種大前提㆘，有·足夠的時間與空間彼此逐漸涵化，為此後北魏孝文帝漢化埋㆘瞭種子，也是隋唐時代混閤型文化產生的因子。這對整個㆗古時代來說，是段極重要的轉變周期，因此要深入探究㆗古時期的歷史變化，則必須先行瞭解㆗古前期河北㆞區是如何從㆒個以漢㆟為主、靜止的農耕社會轉變到鬍漢混閤的動盪社會，在這動盪社會㆗，雙方又如何達緻平衡，否則，以後的歷史的發展將無所依附，而成為㆒項失根的史事探討。本文共分器章，分別是緒論、㆗古時期河北㆞理分析、黃河區與鬍㆟勢力之興衰、鬍㆟政治核心――鄴經濟區之變動、農牧線南移前後之㆗山、沮洳㆞帶與㆗古前期之民族線、結論等。為求確實反映㆗古前期之自然與㆟文狀況，本論文除參考相關史籍及歷史專著，並閱讀大量方誌、今古㆞理書與論文；配閤統計、分析、演釋、比較及歸納方法的運用，期望得到㆒個客觀的結論，以解決長久以來對㆗古前期鬍漢民族共同居住情形的大疑問。

廖幼華，1956 年生於颱灣屏東，祖籍廣西融縣，中國文化大學史㈻博士。曾任職國傢圖書館漢學研究中心編輯、國立花蓮師範學院副教授，現為國立中正大學歷史係教授。專長為中國歷史地理與隋唐史，除本書外另著有《歷史地理㈻的應用：嶺南地區早期發展之探討》專書及〈丹州稽鬍漢化之探討：歷史地理角度的研究〉〈唐宋時代鬼門關及瘴江水路〉〈嚴耕望先生傳略〉〈唐宋時期邕州入交三道〉等學術論文三十餘篇。

第一章 緒 論····························································· ·········· 1
第二章 中古時期河北地理分析····································· ·········· 7
第一節 小冰河期與農牧線之南移·································· ·········· 7
第二節 乾旱與河北農業之衰微··································· ·········· ··13
第三章 黃泛區與鬍人勢力········································· ·········· ···29
第一節 黃泛區的形成及特質······································ ·········· ···29
第二節 鬍質化的開始──石趙政權的興起···················· ·········· ·····47
第三節 分離化之發展──鬍人政權的分立與衰微
··········································································· ·········· ····66
第四章 鄴經濟區之變動············································ ·········· ····87
第一節 鄴經濟區的建立············································· ·········· ···87
第二節 鄴經濟區內鬍漢勢力的消長·············································97
第三節 鬍人勢力聚散與經濟區之崩潰·········································107
第五章 農牧線南移前後之中山············································· ·····115
第一節 中山地區的自限性與開放性·············································115
第二節 農牧線南移後中山地理與人文之轉變·································129
第三節 中山地區政權之建立與瓦解··············································137
第六章 沮洳帶與中古前期之民族線··············································147
第一節 河北平原的質性與水文··························· ·························147
第二節 民族線上鬍漢勢力抗衡點（一）──廣宗··························································· ······························162
第三節 民族線上鬍漢勢力抗衡點（二）
──魯口··························································· ·························170
第七章 結 論······················································ ························183
參考書目····················································································193
附 圖
圖一：西元 90～590年寒冷紀事分布圖············································· 221
圖二：一韆七百年來世界溫度波動趨勢圖··········································· 222
圖三：全年實際溫度圖····································································223
圖四：中國農業收穫類別及春麥、鼕麥分界線圖········ ···························224
圖五：中國農牧業分野狀況圖 ········································· ················· 225
圖六：今日華北地區灌溉程度圖····································· ··················· 226
圖七：西漢至唐中葉旱災頻率示意圖······························· ··················· 227
圖八：西漢至唐連續乾旱示意圖······································ ···················228
圖九：先秦各個時期河北平原城邑與文化遺址分佈圖······ ····················· 229
圖十：西漢河北水域圖···················································· ················· 230
圖十一：西漢黃河下遊險工段圖································ ······ ···················231
圖十二：東漢河北水係圖·········································· 232
圖十三：黃河下遊不同河段決口可能波及範圍示意圖· 233
圖十四：西晉黃河下遊拋荒地域圖····························· 234
圖十五：漢末河北黃巾活動地域大要圖······················ 235
圖十六：黃河下遊後燕與反燕軍勢力分佈圖··············· 236
圖十七：三國時代河北水係圖 ··································· 237
圖十八：鄴經濟區示意圖·········································· 238
圖十九：春鞦戰國中山附近形勢大要圖······················ 239
圖二十：中山附近地域交通狀況圖····························· 240
圖二十一：中古時期農牧線分界圖····························· 241
圖二十二：中山地區形勢圖······································· 242
圖二十三：清河水係圖·············································· 243
圖二十四：漳河水係圖·············································· 244
圖二十五：西晉河北水係圖······································· 245
圖二十六：太行山東麓低溼地帶示意圖······················ 246
圖二十七：大陸澤南北交通路線圖····························· 247
圖二十八：廣宗地區形勢圖······································· 248
圖二十九：魯口地區形勢圖······································· 249
附 錶
錶一：中古時期寒暖年數錶·········································12
錶二：華北各地月平均氣溫及生長期錶························13
錶三：北方主要城市降霜期錶 ·····································13
錶四：中古時期旱災記錄錶·········································18
錶五：中古以前中國氣候與亞熱帶北界位置錶·············27
錶六：東漢以前黃河決溢錶·········································82
錶七：東漢治水情況錶················································83
錶八：晉永嘉亂後黃河中下遊諸郡縣遷徙南方統計錶···83
錶九：黃河沿岸丁零活動詳錶 ·····································85
錶十：曹魏屯田分布錶················································90
錶十一：石勒與劉漢關係錶······································· 101
錶十二：石趙徙民錶················································· 106
錶十三：石趙對兩都的經營情況錶····························· 108
錶十四：兩漢河北地區戶口數目及人口密度錶··········· 131
錶十五：兩漢河北地區人口數目比較錶······················ 132
錶十六：後漢西晉河北地區戶數錶····························· 134
錶十七：《新唐書‧地理誌》所載漳水築堤錶錶·········· 181
錶十八：《新唐書‧地理誌》所載漳水中下遊地區築渠
錶······························································· 181
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