About the book vii
Acknowledgments viii
1 Introducing Second Language Acquisition 1
What is SLA? 2
What is a second language? 3
What is a first language? 4
Diversity in learning and learners 5
Summary 5
Activities 6
2 Foundations of Second Language Acquisition 7
The world of second languages 8
The nature of language learning 12
L1 versus L2 learning 16
The logical problem of language learning 21
Frameworks for SLA 24
Summary 29
Activities 29
Further reading 30
3 The linguistics of Second Language Acquisition 31
The nature of language 32
Early approaches to SLA 33
Universal Grammar 46
Functional approaches 52
Summary 62
Activities 63
Further reading 64
4 The psychology of Second Language Acquisition 67
Languages and the brain 68
Learning processes 73
Differences in learners 81
The effects of multilingualism 93
Summary 94
Activities 95
Further reading 96
5 Social contexts of Second Language Acquisition 99
Communicative competence 100
Microsocial factors 101
Macrosocial factors 119
Summary 130
Activities 130
Further reading 132
6 Acquiring knowledge for L2 use 133
Competence and use 134
Academic vs. interpersonal competence 135
Components of language knowledge 137
Receptive activities 153
Productive activities 162
Summary 169
Activities 170
Further reading 171
7 L2 learning and teaching 173
Integrating perspectives 174
Approaching near-native competence 179
Implications for L2 learning and teaching 180
Summary 180
Answer guide to questions for self-study 181
Glossary 185
References 197
Index 205
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