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Written for students encountering the topic for the first time, this is a clear and practical introduction to second language acquisition (SLA). It explains in non-technical language how a second language is acquired; what the second language learner needs to know; and why some learners are more successful than others. The textbook introduces in a step-by-step fashion a range of fundamental concepts – such as SLA in adults and children, in formal and informal learning contexts, and in diverse socio-cultural settings – and takes an interdisciplinary approach, encouraging students to consider SLA from linguistic, psychological and social perspectives. Each chapter contains a list of key terms, a summary, and a range of graded exercises suitable for self-testing or class discussion. Providing a solid foundation in SLA, this book is set to become the leading introduction to the field for students of linguistics, psychology, and education, and trainee language teachers.

• Clearly written and accessible, designed for students with little prior knowledge of linguistics • Packed with student-friendly features: each chapter contains a preview, summary, list of key terms, graded exercises, and suggestions for further reading • First textbook to look at both child and adult second language acquisition, and to take a range of perspectives (social, psychological and linguistic)

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Contents

1. Introducing second language acquisition;

2. Foundations of second language acquisition;

3. The linguistics of second language acquisition;

4. The psychology of second language acquisition;

5. Social contexts of second language acquisition;

6. Acquiring knowledge for L2 use;

7. L2 learning and teaching.

About the book vii
Acknowledgments viii
1 Introducing Second Language Acquisition 1
What is SLA? 2
What is a second language? 3
What is a first language? 4
Diversity in learning and learners 5
Summary 5
Activities 6
2 Foundations of Second Language Acquisition 7
The world of second languages 8
The nature of language learning 12
L1 versus L2 learning 16
The logical problem of language learning 21
Frameworks for SLA 24
Summary 29
Activities 29
Further reading 30
3 The linguistics of Second Language Acquisition 31
The nature of language 32
Early approaches to SLA 33
Universal Grammar 46
Functional approaches 52
Summary 62
Activities 63
Further reading 64
4 The psychology of Second Language Acquisition 67
Languages and the brain 68
Learning processes 73
Differences in learners 81
The effects of multilingualism 93
Summary 94
Activities 95
Further reading 96
5 Social contexts of Second Language Acquisition 99
Communicative competence 100
Microsocial factors 101
Macrosocial factors 119
Summary 130
Activities 130
Further reading 132
6 Acquiring knowledge for L2 use 133
Competence and use 134
Academic vs. interpersonal competence 135
Components of language knowledge 137
Receptive activities 153
Productive activities 162
Summary 169
Activities 170
Further reading 171
7 L2 learning and teaching 173
Integrating perspectives 174
Approaching near-native competence 179
Implications for L2 learning and teaching 180
Summary 180
Answer guide to questions for self-study 181
Glossary 185
References 197
Index 205
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