The Evolution of Cooperation pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2025

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Robert Axelrod

Basic Books

2006-12-5

264

USD 16.95

Paperback

9780465005642

图书标签: 心理学博弈论社会学进化心理学英文原版科普管理政治学

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发表于2025-02-02

The Evolution of Cooperation epub 下载 mobi 下载 pdf 下载 txt 电子书下载 2025

The Evolution of Cooperation pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载 2025

图书描述

Updated for the first time, the classic book on why cooperation is not only natural but also the best survival strategy The Evolution of Cooperation addresses a simple yet age-old question: If living things evolve through competition, how can cooperation ever emerge? Despite the abundant evidence of cooperation all around us, there existed no purely naturalistic answer to this question until 1979, when Robert Axelrod famously ran a computer tournament featuring a standard game-theory exercise called The Prisoner's Dilemma. To everyone's surprise, the program that won the tournament, named Tit for Tat, was not only the simplest but the most "cooperative" entrant. This unexpected victory proved that cooperation--one might even say altruism--is mathematically possible and therefore needs no hidden hand or divine agent to create and sustain it. A great roadblock to the understanding of all sorts of behavior was at last removed. The updated edition includes an extensive new chapter on cooperation in cancer cells and among terrorist organizations. "This book, if read, grasped and applied, could have a profound effect." ( Wall Street Journal ) "A fascinating, provocative, and important book." (Douglas R. Hofstadter, author of Godel, Escher, Bach )

The Evolution of Cooperation 下载 mobi epub pdf txt 电子书

著者简介

Robert Axelrod is Professor of Political Science and Public Policy at the University of Michigan. A MacArthur Prize Fellow, he is a leading expert on game theory, artificial intelligence, evolutionary biology, mathematical modeling, and complexity theory. He lives in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

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The Evolution of Cooperation pdf epub mobi txt 电子书下载

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用户评价

评分☆☆☆☆☆

Nope, individuals don't learn Nash equilibrium, even in repeated games.

评分☆☆☆☆☆

精彩绝伦，引人入胜的小书。从一个随机筛选的电脑博弈游戏出发总结出人类社会合作和演进的可能性，合作产生和维持所需的原则、机制和人类本身及社会政治条件，并通过数据分析和推理证明互惠原则的自我维持功能。用语平实而精到，一战和生物演化例子都很有趣。其中一个假设前提是存在一小个不必然存在相互认同和友谊、但以互惠/以牙还牙为原则的小群体（而不只是合作的两个人）并将这个原则“侵入”到更广大的社群中。但如何形成这个最初群体呢？似乎奥尔森和哈丁的集体行动理论有用武之地了，也更理解为什么哈丁的书到最后会转到讨论合作所需契约形成和执行条件上去。这本书提出的合作理论、非零和博弈、互惠原则等，基本是国际关系中新自由制度主义的核心理念，以一书催生了一派理论和学者。不过新自由制度主义对“演进”部分探讨似乎不足。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

人类发展出一套规范化的词汇用来捕捉直觉，上帝在发笑。

评分☆☆☆☆☆

Nope, individuals don't learn Nash equilibrium, even in repeated games.

评分☆☆☆☆☆

不开第一枪；不用有友谊就能合作；以牙还牙风格明确；素质群体抱团能冲锋，打下阵地无惧无赖