Grooming, Gossip, and the Evolution of Language

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罗宾·邓巴(Robin Dunbar),进化心理学家,牛津大学教授,莫德林学院研究员。他的主要研究领域是「社会遗传学」。 已经出版的图书包括《科学的烦恼》(TheTrouble with Science),《梳毛、八卦及语言的进化》(GROOMING GOSSIP AND the EvolutionofLanguage)和《人类的故事》(The Human Story),《你需要多少朋友》(How Many Friends does one Person Need?)。他的作品被媒体誉为「带着最新研究和新成果的热气」,「强劲有力,且发人深省」。

出版者:Harvard University Press
作者:Prof. Robin Dunbar
出品人:
页数:242
译者:
出版时间:1998-10-1
价格:USD 31.50
装帧:Paperback
isbn号码:9780674363366
丛书系列:
图书标签:
  • 人类学 
  • 心理学 
  • 进化 
  • 语言学 
  • 语言 
  • 科普 
  • 非小说类 
  • 传播 
  •  
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What a big brain we have for all the small talk we make. It's an evolutionary riddle that at long last makes sense in this intriguing book about what gossip has done for our talkative species. Psychologist Robin Dunbar looks at gossip as an instrument of social order and cohesion--much like the endless grooming with which our primate cousins tend to their social relationships. Apes and monkeys, humanity's closest kin, differ from other animals in the intensity of these relationships. All their grooming is not so much about hygiene as it is about cementing bonds, making friends, and influencing fellow primates. But for early humans, grooming as a way to social success posed a problem: given their large social groups of 150 or so, our earliest ancestors would have had to spend almost half their time grooming one another--an impossible burden. What Dunbar suggests--and his research, whether in the realm of primatology or in that of gossip, confirms--is that humans developed language to serve the same purpose, but far more efficiently. It seems there is nothing idle about chatter, which holds together a diverse, dynamic group--whether of hunter-gatherers, soldiers, or workmates. Anthropologists have long assumed that language developed in relationships among males during activities such as hunting. Dunbar's original and extremely interesting studies suggest otherwise: that language in fact evolved in response to our need to keep up to date with friends and family. We needed conversation to stay in touch, and we still need it in ways that will not be satisfied by teleconferencing, email, or any other communication technology. As Dunbar shows, the impersonal world of cyberspace will not fulfill our primordial need for face-to-face contact. From the nit-picking of chimpanzees to our chats at coffee break, from neuroscience to paleoanthropology, "Grooming, Gossip, and the Evolution of Language" offers a provocative view of what makes us human, what holds us together, and what sets us apart.

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差不多十年前,进化心理学家罗宾·邓巴(Robin Dunbar)开始研究英国人寄圣诞卡的习惯。在邓巴做研究的那个年代,社交网络尚未诞生,他希望找到一个办法衡量人们的社交关系。邓巴感兴趣的不仅仅是研究对象认识多少人,他还想知道每个人真正在乎多少人。他认为,探寻这种情感纽...  

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罗宾邓巴这本书花了很多篇幅在写黑猩猩和大猩猩日常的种种,以及和梳毛相关的活动,倒是没看到什么八卦。说到语言的起源,作者的观点是因为人类日常的社交范围最多可以涉及到150人,因为梳毛需求量过大根本忙不过来,所以发展出来语言这种简便而更高效的方式。 除了猩猩会互相...  

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文/桃酥 罗宾·邓巴在《梳毛、八卦及语言的进化》一书中追溯了人类的原始祖先如何一步步从梳毛演变成语言的,邓巴尤其提到女性在语言的进化过程中,起到了非常大的推动作用。因为梳毛,因为小团体的八卦,因为群体生活,语言代替了猴子之类的梳毛,进化成新的八卦工具。 邓巴通...  

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看完之后觉得很受用。 主题思想很清晰,说的是猴子们靠梳毛挠痒痒来「社交」——建立有归属感的联盟,以确保更好地获取食物,确保联盟里的个体不受外来的侵袭和骚扰。 梳毛为什么能建立联盟呢? 梳毛可以刺激内啡肽的分泌,刺激内源性鸦片物质,让猴子欲死欲仙。愿意定期花...  

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用户评价

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An evolutionary explanation on the (social) origin of language. An interesting attempt to connect sociality to biological discoveries.

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从梳毛到八卦,从身体到内心。多巴胺的进化也是神奇。人这种东西把无中生有发展到了极致。

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An evolutionary explanation on the (social) origin of language. An interesting attempt to connect sociality to biological discoveries.

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部分阅读

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The first half of the pages bears informative interesting descriptions and analysis of grooming behaviours among some primates, which lays..

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