In "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding", first published in 1690, John Locke (1632-1704) provides a complete account of how we acquire everyday, mathematical, natural scientific, religious and ethical knowledge. Rejecting the theory that some knowledge is innate in us, Locke argues that it derives from sense perceptions and experience, as analysed and developed by reason. While defending these central claims with vigorous common sense, Locke offers many incidental - and highly influential - reflections on space and time, meaning, free will and personal identity. The result is a powerful, pioneering work, which, together with Descartes' works, largely set the agenda for modern philosophy.
洛克在认识论上是经验主义者,书的开篇便是论天赋意念、论观念,这里核心论点是人不存在天生的意念或者观念。人的观念都是后天形成的,是心灵对认识对象的反省的结果。洛克是彻头彻尾的唯物论者,对象是外在的客观对象、认识来自于对对象的内心反省。中国人在这点上可以说天然...
評分洛克这本书一方面是反驳一些当时的理论,比如“天赋观念”,一方面是尝试提出一种系统的对人类understanding的解释。他那个时代,还不足以以人的智能为对象,所以尽管他在书中提到感觉、反省和记忆等概念,但是却没有留意所谓“无意识”的部分所起的巨大作用,因而洛克的分析几...
評分前言的部分,摘一段上来,你感受一下: “我希望它们能容易地帮助我的感激之心,如同它们使我确信对阁下重大和增长中的义务那样。我确信,如果我不是极其敏锐地感受那些恩惠,我写这部《论认识》不会有任何和不抓住这个机会向世人证明,我是阁下多么忠顺的仆人。” 我无法理解...
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