The "Ming-i Tai-fang Lu "of Huang Tsunghsi (1610-1695) is unique in the history of Chinese Political literature. Since the time of Confucius and Mencius, no other work in the long Confucian tradition has stood out so clearly as a major critique of Chinese dynastic institutions. The importance of this work rests not only in its advocacy of basic principles of humane governance but also on its incisive analysis of the key institutions of imperial rule and political economy. Huang's treatise, though firmly grounded in classic Confucian teachings emphasizing government based on democratic principles, also incorporates significant elements from alternative schools of thought and reflects the long experience of Chinese dynastic rule subsequent to the great age of classical thinkers in the later Chou period. Huang draws together in a concise manner both his own original ideas and those others had expressed only in scattered form over two millennia. Later reformers and revolutionary leaders such as Liang Ch'i-ch'ao and Sun Yat-sen used Huang's essays in the Ministership, Law, the Schools, and the Land System to promote their own political aims. Modern Scholars have confirmed Huang's stature as the most enduring and influential critic of Chinese despotism and have recognized his "plan" as the most powerful affirmation of a liberal Confucian political vision in premodern times.
黄宗羲博学多识,在天文、算术、乐律、经史、释道等方面均有造诣。纵观黄公一生,大致可分为三个时期: 黄公早年从事反对阮大铖之流的斗争,领导复社成员反抗宦官权贵,几遭杀祸;(十九岁入都讼冤,以铁锥击毙仇人,血勇可见一斑;) 黄公中年,清兵南下,黄宗羲招募义兵,集...
评分 评分 评分子曰:如其善而莫之违也,不亦善乎?如不善而莫之违也,不几乎一言而丧邦乎?”是故君乃天下之大害也。
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