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avant-garde Austrian playwright, novelist, poet, and essayist, one of the most original German-language writers in the second half of the 20th century.

Handke, the son of a bank clerk, studied law at Graz University from 1961 to 1965 and contributed pieces to the avant-garde literary magazine manuskripte. He came to public notice as an anticonventional playwright with his first important drama, Publikumsbeschimpfung (1966; Offending the Audience), in which four actors analyze the nature of theatre for an hour and then alternately insult the audience and praise its “performance,” a strategy that arouses varied reactions from the crowd. Several more plays lacking conventional plot, dialogue, and characters followed, but Handke's other most significant dramatic piece is his first full-length play, Kaspar (1968), which depicts the foundling Kaspar Hauser as a near-speechless innocent destroyed by society's attempts to impose on him its language and its own rational values. Handke's other plays include Das Mündel will Vormund sein (1969; “The Ward Wants to Be Guardian”; Eng. trans. My Foot My Tutor) and Der Ritt über den Bodensee (1971; The Ride Across Lake Constance).

Handke's novels are for the most part ultraobjective, deadpan accounts of characters who are in extreme states of mind. His best-known novel, Die Angst des Tormanns beim Elfmeter (1970; The Goalie's Anxiety at the Penalty Kick), is an imaginative thriller about a former football (soccer) player who commits a pointless murder and then waits for the police to take him into custody. Die linkshändige Frau (1976; The Left-Handed Woman) is a dispassionate description of a young mother coping with the disorientation she feels after she has separated from her husband. Handke's memoir about his deceased mother, Wunschloses Unglück (1972; “Wishless Un-luck”; Eng. trans. A Sorrow Beyond Dreams), is also an effective work.

Handke also wrote short stories, essays, radio dramas, and autobiographical works. The dominant theme of his writings is that ordinary language, everyday reality, and their accompanying rational order have a constraining and deadening effect on human beings and are underlain by irrationality, confusion, and even madness.