圖書標籤: 經濟學 Adam-Smith 亞當斯密 經濟 國富論 英文原版 自由主義 經濟金融
发表于2025-02-24
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations Vol. 1 & 2 pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2025
First published in 1776, the year in which the American Revolution officially began, Smith's "Wealth of Nations" sparked a revolution of its own. In it Smith analyzes the major elements of political economy, from market pricing and the division of labor to monetary, tax, trade, and other government policies that affect economic behavior. Throughout he offers seminal arguments for free trade, free markets, and limited government. Criticising mercantilists who sought to use the state to increase their nations' supply of precious metals, Smith points out that a nation's wealth should be measured by the well-being of its people.Prosperity in turn requires voluntary exchange of goods in a peaceful, well-ordered market. How to establish and maintain such markets? For Smith the answer lay in man's social instincts, which government may encourage by upholding social standards of decency, honesty, and virtue, but which government undermines when it unduly interferes with the intrinsically private functions of production and exchange. Social and economic order arise from the natural desires to better one's (and one's family's) lot and to gain the praise and avoid the censure of one's neighbors and business associates. Individuals behave decently and honestly because it gives them a clear conscience as well as the good reputation necessary for public approbation and sustained, profitable business relations.
亞當·斯密(Adam Smith, 1723-1790)是經濟學的主要創立者。他於1723年齣生在蘇格蘭的剋科底,青年時就讀於牛津大學。1751年到1764年在格斯哥大學擔任哲學教授。在此期間發錶瞭他的第一部著作《道德情操論》,確立瞭他在知識界的威望。但是他的不朽名聲主要在於他在1776年發錶的偉大著作《國傢財富的性質和原因的研究》。該書一舉成功,使他在餘生中享受著榮譽和愛戴。1790年,亞當·斯密在剋科底去逝。他一生未娶,沒有子女。
主要讀瞭Book I,分工的社會根源、影響因素以及貨幣的興起、商品的真實價格(自然價格)與名義價格,以及兩者的關係。斯密重點分析瞭構成價格的基礎(勞動),以及價格的構成因素(工資、租金、貿易利潤);從分工角度理解,斯密這裏主要處理分工的經濟維度,是亞裏士多德尼馬學Book V經濟觀點的重述和充實。
評分在《國富論》中,亞當斯密摒棄瞭自己在《道德情操論》中的想法:When people confront moral choices, they imagine an impartial spectators who carefully consider and advise them. Instead of following their self interest, people decide on the basis of sympathy instead of selfishness.這一次,他為self interest寫下瞭一本巨著。祖師爺的曠世纔華讓我等隻能膜拜,不提他思想的先進性,光是理清一個新的體係,並用優秀的邏輯闡釋清楚,已經是99.9%的人無法做到的事。
評分Social and economic order arise from the nature desires to better one's lot and to gain the praise.
評分...待寫
評分Social and economic order arise from the nature desires to better one's lot and to gain the praise.
亚当斯密出生之前,他的父亲就去世了。他被母亲抚养长大。 从小就是个瘦弱的孩子;孩提时代起,他就养成自言自语的习惯,一生未改。这样的人,往往是聪慧而敏感的。记得初中的时候,班上有一个少年,就是这样,安静下来的时候似乎总是嘴唇翕动着。老师批评过他,...
評分 評分整整90年前的1919年3月,正面对另一场经济危机的弗拉基米尔•列宁(Vladimir Lenin)论述了当代资本主义所遭遇的困境。然而,他却不情愿地写下了这句结语:“那种认为资本主义无法摆脱当前危机的想法是错误的。”事实证明,与列宁所持的某些观点不同,他的这个预期是相当正确的...
評分老子曾经说,“太上,下知有之。其次,亲而誉之。其次,畏之。其次,侮之。信不足,焉有不信。犹兮其贵言,功成事遂,百姓皆谓我自然。”老子理想中的政治是一种放任无为的政治,最好的政府(统治者)应是一个无为的政府,老百姓知道他的存在就可以了。好政府是很少发...
評分翻译真心差,我没开玩笑 作为经济类本科生,实在没办法简单易懂地阅读这译本啊 比如这句“文明国家的殖民地土地荒芜、人口稀少”(page330 卷四 论殖民地)我看得云里雾里,因为文明国家的殖民地怎么会土地荒芜、人口稀少,印度作为大英帝国的生命线从来没听人说过“土地荒芜...
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations Vol. 1 & 2 pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載 2025