Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey pdf epub mobi txt 电子书 下载 2026
- 民族问题
- 比较政治
- 民族建构
- 政治学
- 德国
- 土耳其
- 俄罗斯
- PV
- Ethnicity
- Nationhood
- Germany
- Russia
- Turkey
- Identity
- History
- Politics
- Cultural Studies
- Society
具体描述
This is a book about what it meant to be German, Soviet, Russian, and Turkish in the twentieth century, and how that definition radically changed at the turn of the twenty-first century. Germany's ethnic citizenship law, the Soviet Union's inscription of ethnic origins in personal identification documents, and Turkey's prohibition on the public use of minority languages, all put in place in the early twentieth century, underpinned the definition of nationhood in these countries. Despite many challenges from political and societal actors, these policies did not change for many decades, until around the turn of the twenty-first century, when Russia removed ethnicity from the internal passport, Germany changed its citizenship law, and Turkish public television began to broadcast in minority languages. How did such tremendous changes occur? Using a new typology of “regimes of ethnicity” and a close study of primary documents and numerous interviews, Sener Akturk argues that the coincidence of three key factors – counterelites, new discourses, and hegemonic majorities – explains successful change in state policies toward ethnicity.
Discusses the removal of ethnicity from Russian identification cards and the role of Jews, Germans, Tatars, Bashkirs and other ethnic groups in this change
Systematically documents Kurdish and Alevi voting behavior in Turkey from the 1950s to the present day
Incorporates interviews with both immigrant-origin and ethnic German members of the German parliaments from all the major political parties and their attitudes toward ethnic diversity and change of the citizenship law in Germany
作者简介
Şener Aktürk, Koç University, Istanbul
Sener Akturk is an Assistant Professor at Koç University in Istanbul. He holds degrees from the University of Chicago (BA, MA) and the University of California, Berkeley (MA, PhD). He has spent extended periods in Vienna, Berlin and Moscow for language study and doctoral research. Prior to his current appointment, he was a postdoctoral Fellow at the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies and a visiting lecturer in the Department of Government at Harvard University. He is a recipient of a Marie Curie International Reintegration Grant from the European Commission. He has published more than thirty articles in international and national refereed academic journals including World Politics, Post-Soviet Affairs, the European Journal of Sociology, Middle Eastern Studies, Nationalities Papers, Ab Imperio, Turkish Studies, Insight Turkey and Theoria. He has authored chapters in various edited books published in Turkey, Russia, Hungary and the United States.
目录信息
1. Regimes of ethnicity: comparative analysis of Germany, Soviet Union, post-Soviet Russia, and Turkey
Part II. Germany:
2. The challenges to the monoethnic regime in Germany, 1955–1982
3. The construction of an assimilationist discourse and political hegemony: transition from a monoethnic to an antiethnic regime in Germany, 1982–2000
Part III. Turkey:
4. Challenges to the ethnicity regime in Turkey: Alevi and Kurdish demands for recognition, 1923–1980
5. From social democracy to Islamic multiculturalism: failed and successful attempts to reform the ethnicity regime in Turkey, 1980–2009
Part IV. Soviet Union and the Russian Federation:
6. The nation that wasn't there?: Sovetskii narod discourse, nation-building, and passport ethnicity, 1953–1983
7. Ethnic diversity and state-building in post-Soviet Russia: removal of ethnicity from the internal passport and its aftermath, 1992–2008
Part V. Conclusion:
8. Dynamics of persistence and change in ethnicity regimes.
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The book’s title, "Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey," immediately suggests a deeply analytical and comparative exploration of how national and ethnic identities are formed and maintained within state structures. The use of the term "Regimes" is particularly intriguing, implying a focus on the institutional frameworks, legal structures, and policy mechanisms that actively shape these identities, rather than simply describing nationalistic sentiments. I am drawn to this approach because it promises to uncover the underlying power dynamics and strategic decisions that underpin the construction of nationhood. For Germany, the post-World War II era offers a crucial case study in national identity reconstruction. I am keen to understand how Germany has developed "regimes" of nationhood that grapple with its complex history, promoting a sense of shared citizenship and democratic values. This might involve an examination of its constitutional framework, its approach to immigration and integration, and its educational system's role in fostering a responsible national memory. The book could illuminate how Germany has managed to build a stable and inclusive national identity while acknowledging its past. Russia, with its vast territory and diverse ethnic mosaic, presents a unique set of challenges for national cohesion. I anticipate the author will explore the historical evolution of Russian "regimes" of ethnicity and nationhood, from the imperial era to the Soviet period and its aftermath. Understanding how the state has managed ethnic diversity, utilized language policies, and constructed a shared historical narrative to foster national unity will be a key focus. The Russian approach to nationhood, often characterized by a complex interplay of ethnic and civic nationalism, is a topic of significant interest. The Turkish experience, transitioning from a multi-ethnic empire to a modern nation-state, is equally compelling. I expect the book to analyze the "regimes" that have shaped Turkish identity, possibly focusing on the impact of secularization, the standardization of language, and the state's strategies for managing ethnic diversity, particularly in relation to the Kurdish population. The interplay between state-led nation-building efforts and the aspirations of various ethnic groups is a crucial element of the Turkish narrative. This comparative study promises a nuanced understanding of how different states, facing distinct historical and social contexts, have employed various "regimes" to define and manage ethnicity and nationhood, offering valuable insights into the complexities of identity formation in the modern world.
评分读完这本书的导言，我被作者严谨的学术态度和清晰的论述思路深深吸引。他对“政体”这一概念的界定，超越了传统的政治学范畴，将其延伸至民族身份的建构与维护机制，这是一种极具创新性的视角。他没有回避复杂性，而是直面德、俄、土三国在民族与国族认同塑造过程中所经历的矛盾、冲突与演变。我尤其对作者如何处理历史的连续性与断裂性感到好奇。例如，德国在纳粹时期的极端民族主义思潮，与战后民主化进程中的国家认同，两者之间存在着怎样的联系与切割？作者是否会深入分析德国如何通过“纪念文化”和“历史反思”来重塑其民族叙事，从而避免重蹈覆辙？而俄罗斯，这个在历史上长期扮演帝国角色的国家，其民族政策的演变是否与地理扩张和统治策略紧密相连？作者是否会探讨苏联时期对各民族的“符号化”处理，以及这种处理方式对后苏联时代民族关系的遗留影响？俄罗斯当前强调的“多元文化共存”与“俄罗斯世界”叙事之间是否存在张力？对于土耳其，作者是否会审视其世俗化改革进程对民族认同的影响，以及伊斯兰复兴思潮如何重塑土耳其的国族认同？该书对“政体”的关注，让我联想到这些国家如何通过制定特定的法律、推广特定的文化符号、甚至利用教育体系来培养公民的民族情感和国家忠诚。这些“政体”的力量，往往是潜移默化的，却又无比强大，塑造着个体的身份认同，也决定着国家未来的走向。我期待这本书能够揭示这些“政体”背后的运作逻辑，以及它们在不同历史时期和政治环境下所展现出的适应性与局限性。
评分这本书的标题“Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey”本身就充满了研究的张力，它预示着一场跨越国界的、深入历史脉络的学术对话。我之所以选择阅读这本书，是因为我对“政体”（Regimes）这个词在分析民族与国族关系时的运用感到格外好奇。它不仅仅是简单地描述民族主义的意识形态，更重要的是揭示了国家机器如何通过具体的制度、法律、政策甚至是文化实践来构建、维持和调整民族认同。作者是否会深入探讨这些“政体”在不同历史时期是如何演变的？例如，德国在俾斯麦时代统一后，如何通过“民族国家”的建构来巩固其地位？又如，苏联时期，国家如何通过对民族的划分和管理来维持其统治，以及这种划分对日后民族关系的深远影响？以及土耳其在凯末尔革命后，如何通过一套激进的世俗化和民族化政策来重塑国家认同？我期待书中能够详细分析这些“政体”的构成要素：可能是法律条文对公民身份的定义，可能是教育体系中对历史和民族叙事的塑造，也可能是媒体宣传中对国家形象的塑造。尤其是我对书中关于俄罗斯的部分充满期待，这个庞大而多民族的国家，其民族政策在历史的长河中经历了多次剧烈的调整，从沙皇时期的泛斯拉夫主义，到苏联时期的民族区域划分，再到后苏联时期对“俄罗斯性”的重新定义，这些背后必然有着复杂的“政体”逻辑。作者是否会剖析这些“政体”如何影响了俄罗斯与其他前苏联加盟共和国的民族关系，以及如何在当前地缘政治格局中塑造其国家认同？
评分这本书的封面设计就足够吸引人，沉稳的色调，配以充满历史厚重感的字体，让人一眼便知这是一部严肃而深入的学术著作。我对于“政体”（Regimes）这个词在描述民族与国族关系时的运用感到尤为好奇。它暗示了一种结构化的、甚至是带有权力和制度色彩的视角，而非仅仅是文化或身份认同的泛泛而谈。想象一下，作者如何剖析在德国、俄罗斯和土耳其这三个具有复杂历史和地缘政治背景的国家中，民族主义是如何被构建、被塑造、被维护，甚至是如何在不同时期被重塑的。这其中必然涉及到国家如何通过法律、教育、宣传机器来定义“我们”与“他们”，如何处理内部的族裔多样性，以及如何在国际舞台上定位自身。特别是我对俄罗斯的部分非常期待，这个横跨欧亚大陆的国家，其民族构成之复杂，历史上的沙皇俄国、苏联以及现在的俄罗斯联邦，在民族政策和国族认同的塑造上必然充满了剧烈的转变和深刻的矛盾。作者是否会探讨苏联解体后，俄罗斯如何重新整合其境内的族裔群体，又如何在其新的国家叙事中处理与周边前苏联加盟共和国的民族关系？这其中的挑战与机遇，以及可能伴随的冲突与合作，都让我充满了探究的欲望。同时，德国在经历两次世界大战和分裂统一后，其民族认同的演变更是史书中的一笔浓墨重彩。作者将如何阐释德国在战后如何处理其历史包袱，如何在欧洲一体化的框架下重新定义“德意志民族”的内涵，以及如何平衡其内部的区域差异和移民问题，这些都是我迫切想要了解的。至于土耳其，一个在东西方文明交汇处，同时经历现代化转型和政治变革的国家，其民族主义的逻辑又是如何运作的？它如何处理库尔德问题，如何在高涨的民族情绪下维系国家的统一与稳定？这本书无疑提供了一个绝佳的平台，让我能够在一个宏观的比较框架下，深入理解这三个国家在民族与国族构建上的异同，以及这些“政体”如何深刻地影响了它们各自的国内政治和国际地位。
评分我被这本书所探讨的核心问题深深吸引——“民族”与“国族”在德国、俄罗斯和土耳其这三个具有截然不同历史路径的国家中，是如何通过特定的“政体”被建构、管理和维系的。这种研究的切入点非常独特，它不仅仅是梳理历史事件，更是试图理解国家机器在塑造民族认同方面所扮演的积极角色。作者是否会深入分析这些国家如何通过语言政策来统一或分化其境内的族裔群体？例如，德语在德国的统一作用，俄语在俄罗斯的通用地位，以及土耳其语在土耳其作为国家语言的推广，这些背后是否有更深层的民族构建逻辑？我尤其对俄罗斯的部分感到期待。作为一个由众多民族组成的联邦，俄罗斯在不同的历史时期，例如沙皇俄国时期对少数民族的同化政策，苏联时期对民族的划分与自治，以及后苏联时期对“大俄罗斯”认同的强调，这些演变背后无疑有着复杂的“政体”运作。作者是否会深入挖掘这些政策的细节，以及它们对俄罗斯境内的族裔关系和地区稳定产生了怎样的影响？同时，德国在经历了两次世界大战的惨痛教训后，其民族国家的构建经历了怎样的转型？作者是否会探讨德国如何通过其宪法体系、教育体系以及公民身份的定义来构建一种新的、具有包容性的国家认同，同时又如何处理其历史遗产？至于土耳其，作者是否会分析其在奥斯曼帝国解体后的民族国家构建过程中，如何处理其作为多民族帝国继承者的身份，以及如何应对其国内的族裔多样性，特别是库尔德问题？这本书无疑提供了一个极好的机会，让我能够在一个比较的视角下，理解这三个国家在民族主义的潮流中，是如何通过一套体系化的“政体”来管理和动员其国民，从而构建并维护其国家认同的。
评分The title of this book, "Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey," immediately signals a sophisticated and comparative approach to understanding how states shape and are shaped by national and ethnic identities. My interest lies in the author's use of the term "Regimes," which suggests a focus on the systematic, institutional, and often power-laden mechanisms through which ethnic and national belonging are constructed and managed. I am particularly drawn to the comparative aspect of the study. Examining Germany, Russia, and Turkey together offers a unique lens through which to analyze the diverse strategies states employ in navigating ethnic diversity and forging national cohesion. For Germany, the post-war period is a critical juncture. I anticipate the book will explore how Germany has established "regimes" of nationhood that actively confront its historical legacy, emphasizing democratic values, human rights, and a commitment to European integration. This might involve an examination of its constitutional framework, its approach to citizenship, and its robust public discourse on history and national identity, all of which have contributed to a unique post-nationalist German identity. The Russian context presents a formidable challenge due to its vast territorial expanse and immense ethnic heterogeneity. I am eager to understand the "regimes" that have governed ethnicity and nationhood in Russia throughout its history, from the Tsarist empire's assimilationist policies to the Soviet Union's complex system of national republics and the post-Soviet era's attempts to reassert a unified Russian identity. The book likely delves into how language, administrative divisions, and the promotion of a shared historical narrative have been utilized as tools to manage ethnic relations and foster a sense of national belonging. Turkey's trajectory from a multi-ethnic empire to a modern nation-state is equally fascinating. I expect the author to analyze the "regimes" that shaped Turkish nationhood, perhaps focusing on the impact of secularization, the establishment of a standardized national language, and the state's approach to managing ethnic minorities, most notably the Kurdish population. The intricate interplay between state policies, ethnic aspirations, and national identity construction in these three distinct contexts promises a deeply insightful and illuminating read.
评分我被这本书的深度和广度所吸引，特别是它关注的“政体”（Regimes）这一概念，它暗示了一种对民族与国族构建过程中，国家机器的系统性操作的深入分析。选择德国、俄罗斯和土耳其这三个国家进行比较，本身就极具价值，因为它们都拥有漫长而复杂的帝国历史，并在现代民族国家的构建过程中面临着独特的挑战。我非常好奇作者如何阐释德国在战后如何从纳粹的民族主义阴影中走出，并建立起一套以民主、人权和欧洲一体化为核心的新的国家认同体系。书中是否会详细分析德国的宪法框架、公民教育以及对历史的纪念方式，如何共同作用于构建一种新的“德国性”？这些“政体”的力量，是如何有效地防止了民族主义的极端化，同时又如何确保了国家在欧洲的地位？对于俄罗斯，我一直对其复杂的民族构成和历史上的帝国情结充满兴趣。作者是否会深入探讨俄罗斯在沙皇时期、苏联时期以及后苏联时期，其“政体”是如何应对和管理其境内的众多民族的？它如何通过语言政策、经济发展以及政治权力分配来维系国家的统一，同时又如何在不断变化的国际格局中，重新定义其民族与国家的关系？特别是俄罗斯近年来强调的“主权民主”和“俄罗斯世界”的理念，这背后隐藏着怎样的“政体”逻辑？而土耳其，作为一个在东西方文明交汇处，经历了深刻社会变革的国家，其“政体”在塑造民族与国族认同方面又有着怎样的特点？作者是否会分析土耳其如何通过其世俗化改革、语言政策以及处理国内族裔关系（如库尔德问题）的方式，来构建其现代民族国家？这本书无疑提供了一个绝佳的平台，让我能够在一个比较的视角下，深入理解这三个国家是如何通过一套相对独立的、但又相互关联的“政体”来管理民族关系、塑造国家认同，并最终影响其国内政治和国际地位的。
评分这本书的标题，“Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood in Germany, Russia, and Turkey”， immediately evokes a sense of scholarly rigor and comparative analysis that I find deeply compelling. The choice of these three nations, each with its own distinct historical trajectory and complex relationship with ethnic and national identity, promises a rich tapestry of insights. I am particularly intrigued by the concept of "Regimes" as applied to ethnicity and nationhood. This suggests a focus not merely on the ideological manifestations of nationalism, but on the underlying structures, institutions, and policy frameworks that actively construct, manage, and often contest ethnic and national identities. I am eager to see how the author unpacks the German experience, especially in the post-war era. How did Germany, after the devastating legacy of Nazism, construct a new national identity that grappled with its past while embracing democratic values and European integration? The book’s exploration of German "regimes" of nationhood might delve into its constitutional framework, its approach to citizenship, and its educational curricula, all of which play crucial roles in shaping collective memory and identity. Similarly, the Russian case is of immense interest. Given Russia's vastness and its mosaic of ethnic groups, understanding the "regimes" that have governed ethnicity and nationhood there is crucial. I anticipate the author will examine the policies enacted during the Tsarist era, the Soviet period with its complex system of national republics, and the post-Soviet era's efforts to forge a new Russian identity. The book might shed light on how language policies, territorial administration, and the promotion of a shared historical narrative have been employed as instruments of statecraft in managing ethnic diversity and fostering national unity. The Turkish narrative, too, is compelling. The transition from the multi-ethnic Ottoman Empire to a modern nation-state undoubtedly involved the establishment of new "regimes" of ethnicity and nationhood. I am keen to learn how Turkey's secularization efforts, its approach to citizenship, and its management of ethnic minorities, particularly the Kurdish question, have shaped its national identity and its relationship with its diverse populace. This comparative study offers a unique opportunity to understand the varied ways in which states actively engage in the construction and maintenance of national belonging, providing a nuanced and insightful exploration of these critical phenomena.
评分这本书的标题，尤其是“Regimes of Ethnicity and Nationhood”的组合，立刻抓住了我的眼球，它承诺了一种对民族与国族形成机制的系统性、制度性探究。我之所以被吸引，是因为它不仅仅停留在描述民族主义的思潮，而是要深入挖掘国家如何在具体的“政体”框架下，积极地塑造和维护民族认同。我特别期待作者如何处理德国在经历法西斯主义后的民族反思与重建。德国的“二战”历史无疑是其民族认同塑造中的一个巨大挑战，作者是否会分析德国如何通过其宪法、司法体系以及教育制度，来构建一个既尊重历史又面向未来的民族叙事？它如何区分“民族”与“国家”的概念，并建立一种以公民身份为基础的、包容性的国家认同？对于俄罗斯，我对其广袤的疆域和复杂的民族构成下的“政体”运作充满好奇。俄罗斯在历史上是如何通过征服和统治来整合不同民族的？苏联时期的民族政策，例如对各加盟共和国的自治划分，以及其解体后俄罗斯如何重新确立其国家认同，这些过程中必然充满了“政体”的调整与博弈。作者是否会探讨俄罗斯如何在其政治经济体制中，平衡不同民族的利益，以及如何处理其在后苏联空间中的民族主义叙事？而土耳其，作为一个从奥斯曼帝国转型而来的现代国家，其“政体”在追求民族统一和国家现代化过程中，经历了怎样的演变？作者是否会分析土耳其在处理其国内族裔多样性，例如库尔德问题时，是如何通过法律、政策以及国家认同的建构来应对的？这本书提供了一个绝佳的机会，让我能够在一个比较的视角下，理解这三个国家在民族与国族构建的漫长过程中，是如何通过一套相互关联的“政体”来影响其历史进程和国家命运的。
评分我被这本书关于“民族”与“国族”在德国、俄罗斯和土耳其三国中，如何被特定“政体”所塑造和管理的独特视角深深吸引。这不仅仅是一本历史的陈述，更是一次对国家权力如何介入并构建社会认同的深度剖析。作者在选择这三个国家时，无疑是经过深思熟虑的，它们都经历了从帝国向民族国家的转型，又各自面临着独特的历史挑战和国内民族构成。我尤其想了解的是，作者如何界定和分析这些“政体”的运作方式？例如，德国在战后如何通过其民主制度和欧洲一体化的参与，来重塑其民族认同，并处理其纳粹历史的遗产？书中是否会详细分析德国的公民法、教育体系以及对民族历史的官方叙事，是如何共同构筑了一个新的“德意志民族”概念？对于俄罗斯，这个横跨欧亚大陆、拥有众多民族的国家，其“政体”又是如何应对如此复杂的民族构成？作者是否会探讨苏联时期对民族的划分和管理，以及其解体后俄罗斯联邦如何在其新的政治框架下，重新协商和定义其国族认同？特别是关于俄罗斯的“大俄罗斯”情结，以及它在处理与周边国家民族关系时所采取的策略，这些都充满了研究的价值。而土耳其，作为一个在奥斯曼帝国基础上建立的现代民族国家，其“政体”是如何在世俗化、伊斯兰化以及民族主义之间进行平衡的？作者是否会深入分析土耳其在处理其国内的库尔德问题，以及如何在不断变化的国内外环境下，维护其国家统一和民族认同？这本书无疑提供了一个宝贵的平台，让我能够在一个横向比较的框架下，理解这三个国家在民族与国族构建的宏大叙事中，是如何通过一套系统性的“政体”来实现其国家目标，并应对历史的挑战。
评分excellent
评分excellent
评分初步感觉，解释变量离结果有点太近了吧~
评分初步感觉，解释变量离结果有点太近了吧~
评分初步感觉，解释变量离结果有点太近了吧~
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