导读ACKNOWLEDGMENTSPREFACEAUTHOR'S PREFACEINTRODUCTION TWENTY QUESTIONSCHAPTER 1 ASSESSMENT AS INFORMATION GATHERINGCHAPTER 2 ANALYZlNG TESTS: THE CASE OF DICTATION Standard Dictations and Wesche's Framework Partial Dictations Graduated DictationsCHAPTER 3 CONFLICTING PURPOSES OF ASSESSMENT Norm-referenced and Criterion-referenced Testing Purposes of Language AssessmentCHAPTER 4 THE ROLE OF BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE IN THE ASSESSMENT OF RECEPTIVE SKILLSCHAPTER 5 A CLOZE-KNIT FAMILY "Fill-in" Items Cloze Tests C-testsCHAPTER 6 ANOTHER DILEMMA: CONTRASTING PAIRS OF CONCEPTS Direct and Indirect Tests Discrete-point and Integrative Testing Objective and Subjective ScoringCHAPTER 7 SOME USEFUL STATISTICAL TOOLS Measures of Central Tendency Measures of Dispersion Frequency Polygons Degrees of Freedom Calculating Standard Deviation Standardized ScoresCHAPTER 8 THE CORRELATION FAMILY Types of Data Basic Correlation Concepts Pearson "s Correlation Coefficient Overlapping Variance Spearman "s Rank-order Correlation Point-biserial Correlation CoefficientCHAPTER 9 MULTIPLE-CHOICE TESTS AND ITEM ANALYSES Multiple-choice Tests Item Facility Distractor Analysis Item Discrimination Response Frequency Distribution On the Item Editing TaskCHAPERT 10 MEASURING MEANING: DICTOCOMPS AND STRIP STORIESCHAPTER 11 ELICTTING SPEECH SAMPLES IN ROLE PLAYS Plausibility and Experience Unequal Power Discourse Some Issues in Scoring Speech Samples Computing Rater ReliabilityCHAPTER 12 THREE APPROACHES TO SCORING WRITING SAMPLES Holistic Scoring Analytic Scoring Objective ScoringCHAPTER 13 "ALTERNATIVE" ASSESSMENTS: PERFORMANCE TESTS AND PORTFOLIOS Performance Tests Portfolio AssessmentCHAPTER 14 SELF-ASSESSMENT IN LANGUAGE LEARNINGGLOSSARYREFERENCES
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