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Truce Tent and Fighting Front covers the last two years in the Korean War and treats the seemingly interminable armistice negotiations and the violent but sporadic fighting at the front. The scene therefore frequently shifts from the dialectic, propaganda, and frustrations at the conference table to the battles on key hills and at key outposts. The author presents a solid and meaningful reconstruction of the truce negotiations; he develops the issues debated and captures the color of the arguments and the arguers. The planning and events that guided or influenced the proceedings on the United Nations side are thoroughly explained. The volume abounds in object lessons and case studies that illustrate problems American officers may encounter in negotiating with Communists. Problems encountered by the U.N. high command in handling recalcitrant Communist prisoners of war within the spirit and letter of the Geneva Convention are explained with clarity and sympathy. Truce Tent and Fighting Front is offered to all thoughtful citizens ---military and civilian--- as a contribution to the literature of limited war.

Walter G. Hermes received his M.A. from Boston University and his Ph.D. in History from Georgetown University.

During World War II he served with the U.S. Army in radio intelligence and military government assignments. After the war he attended the University of Denver and the University of California at Los Angeles.

Dr. Hermes joined the Office of the Chief of Military History in 1949. For many years he served as Department of the Army representative on the Department of Defense Liaison Committee with the Department of State on the Foreign Relations of the United States series insofar as they covered World War II and the international conferences of that period. Dr. Hermes is at present a member of the Current History Branch of the Office of the Chief of Military History.

He has assisted Dr. Maurice Matloff in the preparation of the volume Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1943-1944 in the UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II series, and has edited the volume by Maj. Robert K. Sawyer, Military Advisors in Korea: KMAG in Peace and War in the ARMY HISTORICAL SERIES.

Contents
Chapter
Page
I.
INTRODUCTION 1
... The Battleground 2
The Ideological Conflict, 1945-50 5
The First Year, 1950-51 9
II.
THE INITIAL NEGOTIATIONS 15
...... Preliminary Arrangements 15
The Measure of the Opposition 20
Battle of the Agenda 26
Reaction at the Front 32
III.
POINT AND COUNTERPOINT 35
...... The 38th Parallel 35
The Incidents 40
IV.
A TIME FOR PREPARATION 52
...... Conduct of the War- The Washington Side 52
The JCS Ponder 56
Of Men and Arms 58
Developing the ROK Army 62
Maintaining U.N. Support 67
V.
THE NEW WAR 73
...... The KANSAS-WYOMING Line 73
The Enemy 76
The UNC Takes the Initiative 80
Heartbreak Ridge 86
Advance in the West 97
Internal Changes 103
Air Operations 105
The War at Sea 108
Postlude 110
VI.
THE RESUMPTION OF NEGOTIATIONS 112
...... The Line of Demarcation 112
Opening Skirmishes on Item 3 121
Domestic Problems and Foreign Pressures 129
VII.
PRISONERS OF WAR 135
...... Voluntary Repatriation 135
The Period of Reconnaissance 139
The Communists Reject Voluntary Repatriation 144
VIII.
THE PACKAGE PROPOSAL 152
...... Narrowing the Issues 152
Settlement of Item 5 156
The Horse Traders 159
Screening the POW's 167
The Package Is Delivered 172
IX.
"THE ACTIVE DEFENSE" 175
...... A Choice Is Made 175
The War of Position 178
Night Patrol 188
Interdiction and Harassment 192
The Shifting of the Balance 198
X.
BEHIND THE LINES 206
...... Improving the ROK Army 207
Relations With the ROK 214
The Japanese Take a Hand 220
Ammunition Shortages 224
Propaganda Assault 230
XI.
KOJE-DO 233
...... The Seeds Are Planted 233
The Time of Ripening 243
Bitter Harvest 254
XII.
SUMMER OF FRUSTRATION 263
...... Aftermath of the Package Proposal 263
Variations on a Theme 266
Narrowing the Choices 276
XIII.
STALEMATE 283
...... Holding the Line 283
Old Baldy 285
Up the Hill, Down the Hill 296
The Battle for White Horse 303
Jackson Heights 307
Operation SHOWDOWN 310
XIV.
THE AIR AND SEA WAR, MID-1952 319
...... Strategic and Tactical Air Operations 319
The Kojo Demonstration 328
XV.
PROBLEMS OF LIMITED WAR 330
...... Reviewing the Alternatives 330
Budget, Manpower, and Resources 333
Ammunition Again 336
The Expansion of the ROK Army 340
Crisis in the Rear 345
XVI.
CONSERVATION OF RESOURCES 349
...... The Turning Coin 349
Facets of the Artillery War 351
The Bulwark Grows 357
The Reorganization of the Far East Command 362
XVII.
COLD FRONT 366
...... The Demise of Military Victory 366
Winter Action 367
Air and Naval Operations 397
XVIII.
THE BEGINNING OF THE END 401
...... The Long Recess: First Phase 401
The Republicans Take Over 408
The Big Break 411
Operation LITTLE SWITCH 414
Preparations for the Return to Plenary Sessions 419
XIX.
THE COMMUNISTS COME TO TERMS 422
...... The Exploratory Stage 422
Give and Take 425
A Goal Is Reached 429
Residue 432
XX.
LEADER OF THE OPPOSITION 436
...... A Sense of Insecurity 436
Friend or Foe? 441
The Pacification of Rhee 451
XXI.
THE LAST OFFENSIVE 459
...... The Preliminaries 459
The Tempo Mounts 465
Final Test 470
The Tally Sheet 476
XXII.
FINALE 479
...... Assurance and Reassurances 479
The Home Stretch 484
The Big Day 489
Postlude 490
XXIII.
RETROSPECT 498
...... The Negotiations 502
The Battlefield 507

Appendix
Page
A. Strength of the UNC Ground Forces in Korea 513
B. Prisoners of War 514
C. Armistice Agreement 516
D. Plenary Members of the Armistice Delegations 539
Bibliogaphical Note 540
List of Abbreviations 544
List of Code Names 546
Basic Military Map Symbols 547

Table
Eighth Army Estimate of Enemy Forces, 1 July 1951 77

Charts
1. Channels of Command, July 1951 54
2. U.N. Command/Far East Command, Major Ground Forces, 1 July 1951 57
3. Chain of Command of Enemy Forces, 1 July 1951 78
4. Far East Command, Staff and Major Commands Organization, 1 January 1953 364

Maps
1. The Kaesong Conference Site, 1 July 1951 28
2. The Armistice Conference Area, 22 October 1951 48
3. The Punchbowl Area 82
4. The Old Baldy Area 286
5. The Ch'orwon Valley 304
6. The Triangle Hill Complex 312
7. Big and Little Nori 381
8. The Nevada Complex 396

Color Maps
I. The Line of Contact, 1 July 1951
II. The Battle Lines, 10 July-31 October 1951
III. Proposed Demarcation Line, 27 November 1951
IV. The Eighth Army Front Line, 30 April 1952
V. The Eighth Army Front Lines, 31 October 1952
VI. The Eighth Army Front: The West Sector, 31 March 1953
VII. The Eighth Army Front: The East Sector, 31 March 1953
VIII. The Eighth Army Front Line, 27 July 1953
IX. The Demarcation Line, 27 July 1953
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