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Presenting interdisciplinary research at the forefront of present advances in information technologies and their foundations, "Scientific Applications of Language Methods" is a multi-author volume containing pieces of work (either original research or surveys) exemplifying the application of formal language tools in several fields, including logic and discrete mathematics, natural language processing, artificial intelligence, natural computing and bioinformatics.

1. 1 Descriptional Complexity --- An Introductory Survey, M. Kutrib 1
1.1. 1 Introduction 1
1.2. 1 Descriptional Systems and Complexity Measures 3
1.3. 1 Measuring Sizes 6
1.4. 1 Measuring Resources 33
1.5. 1 Non-Recursive Trade-Offs 39
1 References 51
2. 1 Classifying All Avoidable Sets of Partial Words of Size Two, E. Weissenstein 59
2.1. 1 Introduction 60
2.2. 1 Preliminaries 62
2.3. 1 Unavoidable Sets of Partial Words of Size Two 64
2.4. 1 Canonical Forms 70
2.5. 1 The Answer to the Conjectures 74
2.6. 1 The Classification 95
2.7. 1 Conclusion 99
1 References 100
3. 1 On Glushkov K-graphs, M. Flouret 103
3.1. 1 Introduction 103
3.2. 1 Definitions 105
3.3. 1 Acyclic Glushkov WFA Properties 114
3.4. 1 Glushkov K-graph with Orbits 124
3.5. 1 Algorithm for Orbit Reduction 127
3.6. 1 Conclusion 131
1 References 131
4. 1 Natural Language Dictionaries Implemented as Finite Automata, S. Ristov 133
4.1. 1 Dictionaries as Finite Automata 133
4.2. 1 Automata as Mappings 149
4.3. 1 Construction Methods 165
4.4. 1 Internal Structure and Compression 187
1 References 200
5. 1 Tree-Language Based Querying of Hierarchically Structured and Semi-Structured Data, A. Berlea 205
5.1. 1 Introduction 205
5.2. 1 Preliminaries 207
5.3. 1 Regular Forest Languages 217
5.4. 1 Grammar Queries 230
5.5. 1 Practical Application: A Pattern Language for XML Querying 259
5.6. 1 Online Querying 275
5.7. 1 Summary and Outlook 294
5.8. 1 Proofs of Theorems 295
1 References 306
6. 1 Quotient Monoids and Concurrent Behaviours, M. Koutny 313
6.1. 1 Introduction 314
6.2. 1 Preliminaries 318
6.3. 1 Partial Orders and Order Structures 326
6.4. 1 Mazurkiewicz Traces 334
6.5. 1 Comtraces 337
6.6. 1 Generalised Comtraces 354
6.7. 1 Elementary Net Systems 360
6.8. 1 EN-systems with Inhibitor and Mutex Arcs 372
6.9. 1 Concluding Remarks 382
1 References 383
7. 1 Correction Queries in Active Learning, C. Tirnauca 387
7.1. 1 Introduction 387
7.2. 1 Preliminaries 389
7.3. 1 Learning Models 391
7.4. 1 Learning with Correction Queries 393
7.5. 1 Polynomial Time Learning with Correction Queries 403
1 References 416
8. 1 Applications of Grammatical Inference in Software Engineering: Domain Specific Language Development, F. Javed 421
8.1. 1 Introduction 422
8.2. 1 Analysis Phase of DSL Development 424
8.3. 1 Design Phase of DSL Development 426
8.4. 1 Grammatical Inference and Language Design 429
8.5. 1 Case Study 445
8.6. 1 Related Work 448
8.7. 1 Conclusion 452
1 References 453
9. 1 Small Size Insertion and Deletion Systems, S. Verlan 459
9.1. 1 Introduction 459
9.2. 1 Definitions 461
9.3. 1 Basic Simulation Principles 466
9.4. 1 Insertion-Deletion Systems with Rules of Small Size 470
9.5. 1 Context-Free Insertion-Deletion Systems 472
9.6. 1 One-Sided Contextual Insertion-Deletion Systems 481
9.7. 1 Pure Insertion Systems 497
9.8. 1 Graph-Controlled Insertion-Deletion Systems 503
9.9. 1 Graph-Controlled Insertion-Deletion Systems with Priorities 514
9.10. 1 Bibliographical Remarks 520
1 References 521
10. 1 Accepting Networks of Evolutionary Word and Picture Processors: A Survey, V. Mitrana 525
10.1. 1 Introduction 525
10.2. 1 Basic Definitions 527
10.3. 1 Computational Power 536
10.4. 1 Universal ANEPs and ANEPFCs 541
10.5. 1 A Direct Simulation 544
10.6. 1 Accepting Networks of Splicing Processors 545
10.7. 1 Problem Solving with ANEPs/ANEPFCs 548
10.8. 1 Accepting Networks of Picture Processors 549
1 References 558
11. 1 Quantum Automata and Periodic Events, B. Palano 563
11.1. 1 Introduction 563
11.2. 1 Preliminaries 566
11.3. 1 Testing Periodicity on Unary Iqfa's 570
11.4. 1 Synthesis of Iqfa's Inducing Periodic Events 572
11.5. 1 Application to Periodic Languages 580
1 References 582
12. 1 Soliton Circuits and Network-Based Automata: Review and Perspectives, M. Kresz 585
12.1. 1 Introduction 586
12.2. 1 Basic Concepts 588
12.3. 1 Soliton Graphs and Automata 593
12.4. 1 Elementary Decomposition of Soliton Graphs and Automata 597
12.5. 1 Characterizing Soliton Automata 600
12.6. 1 Complete Systems of Soliton Automata 610
12.7. 1 Algorithms for Soliton Automata 615
12.8. 1 Extensions of the Model and Further Research 623
12.9. 1 Summary 627
1 References 628
13. 1 Inferring Leadership Structure from Data on a Syntax Change in English, W. Garrett Mitchener 633
13.1. 1 Introduction 634
13.2. 1 The Available Data 639
13.3. 1 Formulation of the Variable Influence Model 640
13.4. 1 Fitting the Do-support Data 644
13.5. 1 Results and Discussion 650
13.6. 1 Future Directions 652
13.7. 1 Conclusion 656
1 References 658
14. 1 Weighted Automata Modeling for High Density Linkage Disequilibrium Mapping, T. Trang 663
14.1. 1 Introduction 664
14.2. 1 Biological Problem and Formulation 667
14.3. 1 Fundamentals of Discrete Structures 676
14.4. 1 Variable Length Finite Automata (VLFA) 682
14.5. 1 Experimental Results on SNP Data 706
14.6. 1 Conclusion 719
1 References 720
1 Author Index 723
1 Subject Index
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