The methods of finishing glass by cutting and polishing first began in the regions of the Mediterranean in the first and second century B.C. during the Roman Empire. Another technique, wheel-cutting glass, was also practiced by the Romans and their contemporaries, the Sasanians, in Iran and Iraq. However, with the fall of the Roman Empire in the fifth century A.D. these methods all declined and eventually disappeared from the Mediterranean but were sustained in Western Asia. By the eighth and ninth centuries, both cutting and scratch engraving were part of the thriving repertoire of glassmakers in the central Islamic lands. In the extensive collection of cut and engraved glass presented in this volume, almost all the ornaments date between the eighth and eleventh centuries and trace their origin to present-day Egypt, Iraq, and Iran. The collection includes dishes, bowls, cups, beakers, goblets, jars, pitchers, and ewers that have been newly cleaned and restored and show prevailing themes of plants, birds, and scenes from daily life. This volume serves to illuminate and add to the study of the techniques and evolution of ancient glass in the Middle East.