《费恩曼图(英文版)》内容简介:In recent years particle theory has been very successful. Thetheory agrees with the data wherever it could be tested, and whilethe theory has its weak spots, this numerical agreement is a solidfact. Physics is a quantitative science, and such agreement defines its validity. It is a fact that the theory, or rather the successful part, isperturbation theory. Up to this day the methods for dealing withnon-perturbative situations are less than perfect. No one, forexample, can claim to understand fully the structure of the protonor the pion in terms of quarks. The masses and other propertiesof these particles have not really been understood in any detail.It must be added that there exists, strictly speaking, no soundstarting point for dealing with non-perturbative situations.
Martinus Justinus Godefriedus Veltman (born June 27, 1931 in Waalwijk) is a Dutch theoretical physicist. He shared the 1999 Nobel Prize in physics with his former student Gerardus 't Hooft for their work on particle theory.
Martinus J.G. Veltman was born in Waalwijk, Netherlands on June 27, 1931. He started studying mathematics and physics at Utrecht University in 1948. He obtained his PhD in theoretical physics in 1963 and became professor at Utrecht University in 1966.
In 1963/64, during an extended stay at SLAC he designed the computer program Schoonschip for symbolic manipulation of mathematical equations, which is now considered the very first Computer algebra system.
In 1971, Gerardus 't Hooft, who was completing his PhD under the supervision of Veltman, renormalized Yang-Mills theory. They showed that if the symmetries of Yang-Mills theory were to be broken according to the method suggested by Guralnik, Hagen, Kibble, Higgs, Brout, and Englert, then Yang-Mills theory can be renormalized.[1][2] Renormalization of Yang-Mills theory is one of the biggest achievements of twentieth century physics.
In 1981, Veltman left Utrecht University for the University of Michigan-Ann Arbor, frustrated by the recognition his student 't Hooft got for his PhD thesis. Veltman felt that he had done most of the preliminary work and written the program which made the dissertation possible. However, most of the credit went to 't Hooft.[3]
But eventually, in 1999, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1999 together with 't Hooft, "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics".[4] Veltman and 't Hooft joined in the celebrations at Utrecht University when the prize was awarded.
Veltman is now retired and holds a position of Emeritus Professor at the University of Michigan. Asteroid 9492 Veltman is named in his honor.
In 2003, Veltman published a book about particle physics for a broad audience, entitled Facts and Mysteries in Elementary Particle Physics.
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评分我必须得说,这本书的真正魅力在于其散发出的那种对“为什么”永不满足的探索精神。它不满足于停留在“是什么”的层面,而是执着于挖掘事物运作背后的底层逻辑和基本原理。书中贯穿始终的,是一种近乎孩童般的好奇心,但这种好奇心却被高度的智性和严密的训练所驾驭,从而避免了流于空泛的想象。作者似乎在不断地提醒读者:真正的科学不是一套僵硬的教条,而是一种充满活力的、不断自我修正的思维方式。每一次的推导,每一次的论证,都充满了对现有知识体系的审慎批判与大胆拓展。阅读它,就像是接受了一次严格的思维体操训练,让大脑的各个区域都得到了充分的锻炼和激活,那种久违的智力上的“饥饿感”得到了极大的满足。
评分这本书的叙事节奏把握得相当精准,张弛有度,绝不拖泥带水,却又留足了让人回味的空间。它巧妙地在严谨的逻辑推理与生动的实例阐释之间找到了绝妙的平衡点。我发现自己常常会因为一个精妙的比喻而会心一笑,或者因为一个看似简单的实验描述背后所蕴含的巨大智慧而感到震撼。作者对于复杂概念的拆解能力堪称一绝,他仿佛拥有一种魔力,能将那些令人望而生畏的理论,分解成一个个可以被轻松消化的积木块。这种清晰度和结构感,极大地降低了理解的门槛,让即便是初次接触相关领域的读者也能迅速跟上思路。读完某一章节,合上书本,闭目冥想片刻,那些原本模糊不清的知识点便如同被精确校准的仪器一般,在脑海中各就各位,严丝合缝。
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