The Historical Perspective by Harold Perkin17 The Political View by Maurice Kogan56 The Economic Approach bv Gareth Williams79 The Organizational Conception by Burton R Clark106 The Analysis of Status by Martin A Trow132 The Cultural View bv Tonv Becher165 The Focus on Scientific Activity bv Simon Schvvartzman199 The Policy Perspective bv Ladislav Cervch233 Conclusions bv Burton R Clark256 Conference Participants275 Copyright · · · · · · (收起)