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作者:Moyna, Maria Irene 编

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页数:216

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价格:$ 28.19

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isbn号码:9781558855281

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图书标签:

Hispanic American literature
Spanish language
Language revitalization
Linguistic diversity
Cultural heritage
United States
Sociolinguistics
Language policy
Literacy
Bilingualism

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Contrary to popular belief, the first European language spoken on American soil was not English, but Spanish. Explorer Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and his shipmates landed on the Florida coast in 1513, almost 100 years before the British established a permanent settlement in Virginia. In this fascinating exploration of the development of the Spanish language from a sociohistorical perspective in the territory that has become the United States, linguists and editors Balestra, Martinez, and Moyna draw attention to the long tradition of multilingualism in the United States in the hope of putting to rest the myth that the U.S. was ever a monolingual nation. The book is divided into two parts: an extensive introduction and a collection of seven articles about various aspects of the sociohistorical development of Spanish. The in-depth introduction gives the reader a historical overview of the areas of the U.S. previously occupied by Spain and Mexico, from the arrival of the earliest settlers to the Mexican-American war and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The introduction also reviews language policies during the colonial and Mexican periods as well as current linguistic approaches, census data, and sociolinguistic research. In addition to shedding light on the linguistic evolution of Spanish in the U.S., the seven papers included in the second section of this volume offer the reader a fascinating glimpse into historical ideologies and beliefs in the territory that has become the United States. A truly multidisciplinary book that touches on a number of related fields, Recovering the U.S. Hispanic Linguistic Heritage will be a must-read for scholars of history, sociology, and linguistics andanyone interested in the evolution of the Spanish influence and language in the U.S.

A Tapestry of Voices: Exploring the Shifting Landscape of American Dialectology and Sociolinguistics This volume offers a deep and multifaceted examination of the dynamic evolution of language use within the United States, focusing specifically on the intricate interplay between regional identity, demographic shifts, and the ongoing processes of linguistic change across various communities. It moves beyond simple documentation to provide nuanced analytical frameworks for understanding how language functions as a carrier of cultural memory, social stratification, and individual agency in a rapidly diversifying nation. The book is structured around three core thematic areas: I. Foundations and Re-evaluations of American Dialectology; II. Language Contact, Innovation, and Identity Formation; and III. The Digital Age and the Future of Linguistic Variation. Part I: Foundations and Re-evaluations of American Dialectology This section begins by critically reassessing the foundational methodologies and geographic assumptions that have historically shaped the study of American English (AE). It acknowledges the pioneering contributions of early dialectologists—such as those focused on defining the boundaries of the North, Midland, and South—while simultaneously scrutinizing the inherent limitations of these frameworks when applied to contemporary, highly mobile populations. Chapter 1: Beyond the Traditional Atlas: Mapping Modern Linguistic Landscapes. This chapter argues for a shift from static, point-based dialect mapping to dynamic, network-based approaches. It utilizes advanced sociolinguistic fieldwork techniques, incorporating mobile recording methods and digital geolocation data, to illustrate how traditional regional markers are diffusing or, conversely, being reinforced in unexpected ways due to internal migration patterns and urbanization. A significant case study involves the surprising persistence of certain phonological features in Sun Belt cities whose populations originated from disparate Northern and Southern regions. Chapter 2: Class, Education, and the Persistence of Local Color. Moving beyond race and ethnicity as primary variables, this chapter delves into the intersection of socioeconomic status (SES) and linguistic performance within established American communities. It examines how educational attainment acts as both a marker of social aspiration and, paradoxically, a potential source of linguistic leveling. The author analyzes corpora of spontaneous speech data collected from working-class and professional communities in the Rust Belt, focusing on grammatical constructions (e.g., quotative like, invariant be) and their varying degrees of stigmatization and adoption across different social strata. The central argument posits that local vernaculars often survive not in geographic isolation, but within specific, tightly-knit social networks resistant to external linguistic pressures. Chapter 3: Reconceptualizing the "Standard": Accents as Intellectual Property. This chapter confronts the enduring normative pressure exerted by prestige dialects, primarily General American (GA). It treats the perceived "standard" not as a neutral linguistic baseline, but as a historically constructed form of cultural capital. Through analysis of media representation and educational policy documents, the author explores the material consequences—in employment, judicial settings, and educational opportunities—of deviating from perceived norms. Furthermore, the chapter explores instances where regional or non-standard features are consciously adopted by speakers in specific professional contexts (e.g., certain creative industries) as forms of strategic resistance or branding. Part II: Language Contact, Innovation, and Identity Formation This pivotal section shifts the focus to environments of intense linguistic convergence and divergence, exploring how speakers manage multiple linguistic repertoires and how new forms emerge at the junctures of language contact. It rigorously analyzes structural transfer, code-switching practices, and the emergence of distinct community languages. Chapter 4: The Grammar of Code-Switching: More Than Alternation. This chapter moves past viewing code-switching (CS) as mere word-for-word substitution between two separate languages. It employs generative models to analyze the syntactic constraints and pragmatic functions of intra-sentential CS in bilingual communities, arguing that the resulting utterances often constitute a unique, integrated linguistic system rather than a mere oscillation between two established grammars. Detailed analysis is provided on the sequencing of functional categories (e.g., tense/aspect markers) when Spanish and English syntax interface in community settings. Chapter 5: Calques, Loan Translations, and the Deep Structure of Contact. Focusing on semantic and structural borrowing, this chapter traces the diffusion of conceptual frames transmitted through loan translations (calques). It examines subtle but persistent alterations in American English vocabulary and expression resulting from prolonged contact with languages like German, Polish, and various indigenous languages, features often overlooked because they do not involve the direct incorporation of foreign vocabulary. For instance, the analysis explores how certain phrasal verbs acquire new shades of meaning derived from the underlying conceptual structure of a neighboring language system. Chapter 6: Language Endangerment and Revitalization as Social Acts. This section provides critical case studies of language loss and motivated revitalization efforts among various minority language groups within the U.S. It moves beyond simply cataloging the number of remaining speakers. The core argument centers on the sociopolitical dimensions of language maintenance: how institutional support, intergenerational commitment, and the creation of new linguistic domains (e.g., digital spaces for endangered languages) dictate survival. The chapter contrasts top-down governmental initiatives with organic, community-driven efforts to re-establish linguistic fluency among younger generations. Part III: The Digital Age and the Future of Linguistic Variation The final section addresses the profound ways in which digital communication technologies are reshaping linguistic norms, accelerating certain changes, and simultaneously creating novel forms of linguistic cohesion that transcend traditional geography. Chapter 7: The Tyranny of the Character Limit: Compression and Hyper-Informativity in Text-Based Communication. This chapter analyzes how digital constraints (e.g., early SMS limits, modern social media interface design) have driven specific lexical and orthographic innovations. It investigates the function of initialisms, acronyms, and manipulated punctuation as mechanisms for conveying prosodic and emotional context in the absence of vocalic cues. The analysis differentiates between intentional stylistic choices and purely functional compression strategies, mapping their uptake across different age cohorts. Chapter 8: Algorithmic English: How Search Engines and Predictive Text Shape Spelling and Lexicon. A novel contribution of this volume is the examination of computational linguistics' unintended role in language standardization. This chapter explores how auto-correction algorithms, predictive text interfaces, and large-scale search engine indexing subtly reinforce specific spellings and idiomatic expressions while suppressing viable, albeit less frequently digitized, alternatives. It raises questions about the agency of the speaker when the tools of communication are pre-programmed to favor statistical norms. Chapter 9: Vernaculars in the Metaverse: Linguistic Performance in Immersive Digital Environments. The concluding chapter speculates on the formation of new, purely digital dialects. As immersive online gaming and virtual collaboration spaces become more pervasive, speakers are developing linguistic registers tailored specifically to these mediated realities. This section explores emerging jargon, unique patterns of pronoun usage, and the development of specialized discourse markers that exist solely within these virtual communities, often detached entirely from terrestrial geographic constraints. The book concludes by arguing that American linguistic heritage is not vanishing, but rather fracturing and reassembling itself across physical and digital ecologies, requiring scholars to adapt their methods to capture this fluid reality.