Janusz Korczak (1879-1942) is one of the legendary figures to emerge from the Holocaust. A successful paediatrician and well-known author in his native Warsaw, he gave up a brilliant medical career to devote himself to the care of orphans. Like so many other Jews, Korczak was sent into the Warsaw Ghetto after the Nazi occupation of Poland. He immediately set up an orphanage for more than 200 children. Many of his admirers, Jewish and Gentile, offered to rescue him from the ghetto, but Korczak refused to leave his small charges. When the Nazis ordered the children to board a train that was to carry them to the Treblinka death camp, Korczak went with them, despite the Nazis' offer of special treatment. His selfless behaviour in caring for these children's lives and deaths has made him beloved throughout the world; he has been honoured by UNESCO and commemorated on postage stamps in both Poland and Israel. This volume constitutes Korczak's grimly inspiring ghetto diary, accompanied by a new introduction by Betty Jean Lifton, the author of the biography of Korczak.