Preface
Acknowledgments
Note on Names and Romanization
1. SEKIGAHARA
1. The Sengoku Background
2. The New Sengoku Daimyo
3. The Unifiers: Oda Nobunaga
4. Toyotomi Hideyoshi
5. Azuchi-Momoyama Culture
6. The Spoils of Sekigahara: Tokugawa Ieyasu
2. THE TOKUGAWA STATE
1. Taking Control
2. Ranking the Daimyo
3. The Structure of the Tokugawa Bakufu
4. The Domains (han)
5. Center and Periphery: Bakufu-Han Relations
6. The Tokugawa "State"
3. FOREIGN RELATIONS
1. The Setting
2. Relations with Korea
3. The Countries of the West
4. To the Seclusion Decrees
5. The Dutch at Nagasaki
6. Relations with China
7. The Question of the "Closed Country"
4. STATUS GROUPS
1. The Imperial Court
2. The Ruling Samurai Class
3. Village Life
4. Townsmen (chonin)
5. Subcaste Japanese
6. Status and Function
5. URBANIZATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
1. The sankin-kotai System
2. Communication Networks
3. Domain Castle Towns
4. Edo: The Central Magnet
6. THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MASS CULTURE
1. Civilizing the Ruling Class
2. Books and Literacy
3. Osaka and Kyoto
4. Genroku Culture
7. EDUCATION, THOUGHT, AND RELIGION
1. Education
2. The Diffusion of Confucianism
3. Scholars and Scholarship
4. The Problem of China
5. Ethnic Nativism
6. Dutch, or Western, Learning (rangaku)
7. Religion
8. Popular Preaching
8. CHANGE, PROTEST, AND REFORM
1. Population
2. Rulers and Ruled
3. Popular Protest
4. Bakufu Responses
9. THE OPENING TO THE WORLD
1. Russia
2. Western Europe
3. News from China
4. The Perry Mission
5. The War Within
6. Defense Intellectuals
10. THE TOKUGAWA FALL
1. The Narrative
2. The Open Ports
3. Experiencing the West
4. The Other Japanese
5. The Restoration Remembered
6. Why Did the Tokugawa Fall?
11. THE MEIJI REVOLUTION
1. Background
2. Steps toward Consensus
3. Toward Centralization
4. Failed Cultural Revolution
5. Wisdom throughout the World
6. The Breakup of the Restoration Coalition
7. Winners and Losers
12. BUILDING THE MEIJI STATE
1. Matsukata Economics
2. The Struggle for Political Participation
3. Ito Hirobumi and the Meiji Constitution
4. Yamagata Aritomo and the Imperial Army
5. Mori Arinori and Meiji Education
6. Summary: The Meiji Leaders
13. IMPERIAL JAPAN
1. The Election
2. Politics under the Meiji Constitution
3. Foreign Policy and Treaty Reform
4. War with China
5. The Diplomacy of Imperialism
6. The Annexation of Korea
7. State and Society
14. MEIJI CULTURE
1. Restore Antiquity!
2. Civilization and Enlightenment! Be a Success!
3. Christianity
4. Politics and Culture
5. The State and Culture
15. JAPAN BETWEEN THE WARS
1. Steps toward Party Government
2. Japan in World Affairs
3. Economic Change
16. TAISHO CULTURE AND SOCIETY
1. Education and Change
2. The Law Faculty of Tokyo Imperial University
3. Taisho Youth: From "Civilization" to "Culture"
4. Women
5. Labor
6. Changes in the Village
7. Urban Culture
8. The Interwar Years
17. THE CHINA WAR
1. Manchurian Beginnings: The Incident
2. Manchukuo: Eastward the Course of Empire
3. Soldiers and Politics
4. The Sacralization of Kokutai and the Return to Japan
5. The Economy: Recovery and Resources
6. Tenko: The Conversion of the Left
7. Planning for a Managed Economy
8. War with China and Konoe's "New Order in Asia"
18. THE PACIFIC WAR
1. Reading World Politics from Tokyo
2. Attempts to Reconfigure the Meiji Landscape
3. The Washington Talks
4. The Japanese People and the War
5. The Road to Hiroshima and Nagasaki
6. The Pacific War in the History of the Twentieth Century
7. Dismantling the Meiji State
19. THE YOSHIDA YEARS
1. The Social Context of Postsurrender Japan
2. Reform and Reconstruction
3. Planning for Recovery
4. Politics and the Road to San Francisco
5. The San Francisco System
6. Intellectuals and the Yoshida Structure
7. Postwar Culture
20. JAPAN SINCE INDEPENDENCE
1. Politics and the 1955 System
2. The Rise to Economic Superpower
3. Social Change
4. The Examined Life
5. Japan in World Affairs
6. Japan at Millennium's End
Further Reading
Notes
Credits
Index
Illustrations
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