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Covering the ten centuries following the fall of Rome, War in the Middle Ages engages all aspects of its subject, including the military customs and conditions of the various Western European states; armor and weaponry recruitment; and rules of combat developed to limit bloodshed.

Philippe Contamine writes with an awareness that, in both theory and fact, medieval warfare was constantly evolving. He opens with a chapter on Roman military disintegration and the practice of warfare in the barbarian kingdoms erected on the empire's ruins. He then shows how feudalization multiplied conflicts, and describes the resulting growth of the "great stone civilization" of the castle. In the area of military method, he emphasizes three innovations: gunpowder, standing armies and the increased use of infantry, supplying in each case a wealth of data and documentation.

Contamine traces the rise of a new literature of strategy and changes in the concept of courage which he puts in the context of actual risk. He points out that the chivalric ideals of the later Middle Ages operated within narrow limits, outside which aristocrats and commoners freely slaughtered each other. Contamine also analyzes the theories of just and unjust war that developed at this time, and illustrates a phenomenon more typical of the period; the religious glorification of the warrior.

Ever mindful of the chaos and devastation that war brings, War in the Middle Ages nonetheless offers a clear and consistent picture of the military ethos of a millennium.

Philippe Contamine (born 7 May 1932 in Metz) is a French historian of the Middle Ages who specialises in military history and the history of the nobility.

Contamine is a past president of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, the Société de l'histoire de France, and the Societé des Antiquaires de France. He taught at the Université de Nancy, the Université de Paris X at Nanterre and Université de Paris IV (Paris-Sorbonne). He is an officer of the Légion d’Honneur and a fellow of the Royal Historical Society.

Table of Contents
Acknowledgements viii
List of Maps and Figures ix
Translator’s Note x
Preface to the English Edition xii
List of Abbreviations xv
Part I The State of Knowledge: General Characteristics of Medieval Military History 1
1 The Barbarians From the Fifth to the Ninth Century 3
2 The Feudal Age From the Beginning of the Tenth to the Middle of the Twelfth Century 30
3 Medieval Society in its Prime From the Mid-Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Century 65
4 Free Companies, Gunpower and Permanent Armies from the Beginning of the Fourteenth to the End of the Fifteenth Century 119
Part II Themes and Perspectives 173
5 Arms and Armour 175
6 Artillery 193
7 The Art of War 208
8 War, Government and Society 238
9 Towards a History of Courage 250
10 Juridical, Ethical and Religious Aspects of War 260
Part III Bibliography 309
1 General 311
2 The Art of War: Conflicts, Campaigns, Sieges and Battles 311
3 Institutions, Societies and Military Attitudes 315
4 Arms, Armour and War Engines 337
5 Cannons and Gunpowder Artillery 343
6 Castles and Fortifications 345
7 War, Economy and Taxation 353
8 War and Peace: Law, Ethics and Christianity 355
Index 361
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