Physical and Chemical Equilibrium for Chemical Engineers provides a thorough introduction to the basic tools of chemical engineers-physical and chemical equilibrium. It is a book for second course thermodynamics students in chemical engineering. While traditional texts combine this topic with the first thermodynamics course, Physical and Chemical Equilibrium for Chemical Engineers gives chemical engineers the rigorous yet clear treatment more advanced students and chemical engineers require. Professor Noel de Nevers provides readers with a technically accurate and rigorous look at physical and chemical equilibrium-often called "solution thermodynamics." He presents the material in an accessible format that uses simple mathematics without sacrificing rigor. This book shows where "modern" terminology differs from "classic" terminology and covers different standard states, a common stumbling block for both students and professionals. Emphasis is placed on such up-to-date topics as aqueous solutions, electrolytes, and osmotic pressure, all of which play an important role in modern industrial processes and biotechnology. Unique coverage includes:* Minimization of Gibbs Free Energy* Vapor Pressure, the Clapayron Equation, and Single Pure Species Phase Equilibrium* Partial Molal Properties* Fugacity, Ideal and Non-Ideal Solutions, Activity, and Activity Coefficient* The Phase Rule