This book presents a basic introduction to structural equation modeling (SEM) and focuses on the conceptual steps one takes in analyzing theoretical models. The book reviews correlation and covariance, followed by multiple regression, path, and factor analysis techniques, so the reader can better understand the building blocks of SEM. The authors' goal is to enable the reader to conduct their own SEM analysis and understand and critique SEM research. Utilizing a conceptual-and application-oriented approach, each chapter covers basic concepts, principles, and practices, and then utilizes available SEM software to provide meaningful examples. Most chapters follow the conceptual sequence of SEM steps known as model specification, identification, estimation, testing, and modification. An SEM checklist is included to guide the reader's model analysis according to the basic steps a researcher takes. The text also includes numerous SEM examples, using the latest versions of Amos (5.0), EQS (6.1), and LISREL (8.54). The SEM software packages are easy-to-use, Windows-based programs with pull-down menus, dialog boxes, and drawing tools. The SEM model examples do not require complicated progr