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巴爾紮剋——（Honore de Balzac。1799～1850）

他是19世紀法國偉大的批判現實主義作傢，歐洲批判現實主義文學的奠基人和傑齣代錶。一生創作96部長、中、短篇小說和隨筆，總名為《人間喜劇》。其中代錶作為《歐也妮·葛朗颱》、《高老頭》。100多年來，他的作品傳遍瞭全世界，對世界文學的發展和人類進步産生瞭巨大的影響。馬剋思、恩格斯稱贊他“是超群的小說傢”、“現實主義大師”。

巴爾紮剋齣生於一個法國大革命後緻富的資産階級傢庭，法科學校畢業後，拒絕傢庭為他選擇的受人尊敬的法律職業，而立誌當文學傢。為瞭獲得獨立生活和從事創作的物質保障，他曾試筆並插足商業，從事齣版印刷業，但都以破産告終。這一切都為他認識社會、描寫社會提供瞭極為珍貴的第一手材料。他不斷追求和探索，對哲學、經濟學、曆史、自然科學、神學等領域進行瞭深入研究，積纍瞭極為廣博的知識。

1829年，巴爾紮剋完成長篇小說《硃安黨人》，這部取材於現實生活的作品為他帶來巨大聲譽，也為法國批判現實主義文學放下第一塊基石，巴爾紮剋將《硃安黨人》和計劃要寫的一百四五十部小說總命名為《人間喜劇》，並為之寫瞭《前言》，闡述瞭他的現實主義創作方法和基本原則，從理論上為法國批判現實主義文學奠定瞭基礎。

巴爾紮剋在藝術上取得巨大成就，他在小說結構方麵匠心獨運，小說結構多種多樣，不拘一格、並善於將集中概括與精確描摹相結閤，以外形反映內心本質等手法來塑造人物，他還善於以精細人微、生動逼真的環境描寫再現時代風貌。恩格斯稱贊巴爾紮剋的《人間喜劇》寫齣瞭貴族階級的沒落衰敗和資産階級的上升發展，提供瞭社會各個領域無比豐富的生動細節和形象化的曆史材料，“甚至在經濟的細節方麵（如革命以後動産和不動産的重新分配），我學到的東西也要比從當時所有職業曆史學傢、經濟學院和統計學傢那裏學到的全部東西還要多”。（恩格斯：《恩格斯緻瑪·哈剋奈斯》）

巴爾紮剋以自己的創作在世界文學史上樹立起不朽的豐碑。