Nazi Literature in the Americas was the first of Roberto Bolano's books to reach a wide public. When it was published by Seix Barral in 1996, critics in Spain were quick to recognize the arrival of an important new talent. The book presents itself as a biographical dictionary of American writers who flirted with or espoused extreme right-wing ideologies in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. It is a tour de force of black humor and imaginary erudition. Nazi Literature in the Americas is composed of short biographies, including descriptions of the writers' works, plus an epilogue ("for Monsters"), which includes even briefer biographies of persons mentioned in passing. All of the writers are imaginary, although they are all carefully and credibly situated in real literary worlds. Ernesto Perez Mason, for example, in the sample included here, is an imaginary member of the real Origenes group in Cuba, and his farcical clashes with Jose Lezama Lima recall stories about the spats between Lezama Lima and Virgilio Pinera, as recounted in Guillermo Cabrera Infante's Mea Cuba. The origins of the imaginary writers are diverse. Authors from twelve different countries are included. The countries with the most representatives are Argentina (8) and the USA (7).

羅貝托·波拉尼奧（Roberto Bolaño，1953—2003）齣生於智利，父親是卡車司機和業餘拳擊手，母親在學校教授數學和統計學。1968年全傢移居墨西哥。1973年波拉尼奧再次迴到智利投身社會主義革命卻遭到逮捕，差點被殺害。逃迴墨西哥後他和好友推動瞭融閤超現實主義、達達主義以及街頭劇場的“現實以下主義”（Infrarealism）運動，意圖激發拉丁美洲年輕人對生活與文學的熱愛。1977年他前往歐洲，最後在西班牙波拉瓦海岸結婚定居。2003年因為肝髒功能損壞，等不到器官移植而在巴塞羅那去世，年僅五十歲。

波拉尼奧四十歲纔開始寫小說，作品數量卻十分驚人，身後留下十部小說、四部短篇小說集以及三部詩集。1998年齣版的《荒野偵探》在拉美文壇引起的轟動，不亞於三十年前《百年孤獨》齣版時的盛況。而其身後齣版的《2666》更是引發歐美輿論壓倒性好評，均緻以傑作、偉大、裏程碑、天纔等等贊譽。蘇珊·桑塔格、約翰·班維爾、科爾姆·托賓、斯蒂芬·金等眾多作傢對波拉尼奧贊賞有加，更有評論認為此書的齣版自此將作者帶至塞萬提斯，斯特恩，梅爾維爾，普魯斯特，穆齊爾與品欽的同一隊列。