具体描述
《大学物理学学习指导》是作者根据多年来开展双语教学所积累的经验和我国工科大学物理双语教学实践需要编著的，目的是为学生提供一本便于使用的大学物理学英文版学习指导书，以取得良好的双语教学效果。全书共30章，其内容编排顺序与北京邮电大学出版社2007年2月出版的《大学物理学》（英文版）上、下册完全相同，便于读者将本学习指导书与相应教材配套使用。书中对工科大学物理学各部分内容的重点和难点进行了详细解说，精选了国内外教材中的一些典型例题，收集了大量练习题，设计了多套全真模拟试题，既便于教师开展大学物理双语教学，又便于学生巩固学习效果。
《大学物理学学习指导》作为高等工科院校及理科非物理专业的大学物理双语教学课程的课外参考书，有利于帮助学生更好地理解双语教学的基本内容和学习重点、难点，对从事大学物理教学的教师和物理学专业的学生也具有较大的参考价值。《大学物理学学习指导》内容全面、系统，包括了大学物理教学的主要内容及教学的主要构成元素：原理、例题、习题、解答、模拟考题等，因此既可以作为学习指导书与原教材配套使用，也可以作为一本大学物理双语教学的简明教程独立使用，以满足不同层次、不同学时的大学物理学双语教学的要求。
探寻宇宙的奥秘：经典力学与热力学前沿 本书导读： 这是一部面向具有一定微积分基础的高年级本科生及初级研究生的高阶教材，专注于宏观物理世界的两大支柱——经典力学（牛顿力学、拉格朗日力学、哈密顿力学）和热力学与统计物理学的深刻理解与应用。本书的编写旨在突破基础大学物理的框架，深入探讨这些理论在现代科学研究中的基石地位和其内在的数学美感。 --- 第一部分：进阶经典力学——从牛顿定律到分析力学 本部分将带领读者穿越时空，重新审视我们对运动和作用力的理解，并最终进入更为抽象和强大的分析力学体系。 第一章：牛顿力学的严谨性与局限性 本章首先回顾了牛顿三大定律，但重点转向了惯性系与非惯性系。我们将详细分析在旋转参考系（如地球）中出现的科里奥利力和离心力，并探讨这些“虚拟力”在气象学和海洋学中的实际效应。随后，本章会引入微积分在处理变质量系统（如火箭推进）中的应用，并为过渡到更一般的描述方法奠定基础。本章的难点在于建立对“力”这一概念在不同参考系下描述的统一认识。 第二章：变分原理与最小作用量 分析力学的核心——达朗贝尔原理（或称虚功原理）将是本章的起点。我们不会仅仅将此视为一个求解受力方程的技巧，而是将其提升到物理学的基本原理层面。本章将详尽介绍变分法的基础知识，包括欧拉-拉格朗日方程的推导。重点将放在保守系统和非保守系统中作用量泛函的构建。通过对简单的单摆、螺旋弹簧等经典问题进行拉格朗日量描述，读者将体会到这种描述方式相对于直角坐标系求解方程的简洁性和优越性。 第三章：拉格朗日力学的应用拓展 在掌握了基本框架后，本章致力于拓宽拉格朗日力学的应用范围。我们将探讨约束的引入，特别是用拉格朗日乘子法来处理复杂的几何约束（如在平面内运动的刚体）。随后，深入分析守恒量与循环坐标之间的深刻联系。牛顿力学中的动量和角动量守恒，在拉格朗日框架下，将直接对应于特定的坐标自由度的缺失（即循环坐标）。本章还将引入含时坐标变换，为过渡到哈密顿力学做准备。 第四章：哈密顿力学——相空间中的动力学 哈密顿力学被誉为分析力学的最高形式。本章的核心在于勒让德变换，将拉格朗日量 $L(q, dot{q}, t)$ 转化为哈密顿量 $H(q, p, t)$，其中 $p$ 为广义动量。我们将详细推导哈密顿正则方程，并探讨相空间的概念。相轨迹的几何性质（如体积守恒——刘维尔定理的初步讨论）将成为理解统计物理的桥梁。此外，本章还将介绍泊松括号，揭示其在保持哈密顿量守恒方面的关键作用，并简要引入量子力学中的对易关系。 --- 第二部分：热力学与统计物理——微观世界的宏观展现 本部分将从微观粒子行为的角度，构建对温度、熵和能量的全新认识，实现从原子尺度到宏观热力学定律的完美对接。 第五章：热力学定律的深刻内涵 本书将从经验性的热力学定律出发，但会着重于其严格的数学表述和逻辑推导。热力学第零定律作为温度概念的引入，将被置于严谨的框架下。第一定律（能量守恒）将与做功和热量的定义紧密联系。第二定律的介绍将侧重于熵的引入，不仅是克劳修斯不等式，更重要的是玻尔兹曼对熵的统计诠释。第三定律——绝对零度的不可达性，将被视为统计物理预测的必然结果。本章将大量使用热力学势（内能 $U$, 亥姆霍兹自由能 $F$, 吉布斯自由能 $G$, 焓 $H$）及其麦克斯韦关系式，展示如何通过这些势来预测物质的平衡态和变化方向。 第六章：理想气体与分子运动论的细致考察 本章将深入探讨麦克斯韦-玻尔兹曼分布的推导，不仅限于速率分布，还将分析速度在三维空间中的分布。我们将详细计算气体分子对器壁的平均冲量（即压强），并严格推导平均平动动能与温度之间的关系。本章的重点是理解宏观压力和温度如何从大量分子随机碰撞中“涌现”出来。此外，还将讨论气体在不同温度和压力下的实际偏离理想气体行为的情况（范德华方程的引入）。 第七章：统计力学的基石——系综理论 统计物理学的核心在于如何处理包含天文数字粒子的系统。本章将系统介绍系综的概念：微正则系综（封闭系统，能量和粒子数确定）、正则系综（与恒温热源接触）和大正则系综（与恒温恒粒子数热源接触）。通过对这三种系综的配分函数（Partition Function）的计算，我们将展示如何从配分函数直接导出所有宏观热力学量。例如，如何通过正则系综的配分函数 $Z$ 导出亥姆霍兹自由能 $F = -k_B T ln Z$。 第八章：量子统计力学——费米子与玻色子 随着温度降低或系统密度增大，经典统计力学失效，必须引入量子效应。本章将聚焦于量子统计，区分费米-狄拉克统计（适用于费米子，如电子）和玻色-爱因斯坦统计（适用于玻色子，如光子和氦原子）。 费米子系统： 详细分析费米能级的概念，并将其应用于零温下自由电子气体的性质（如金属的电学和热学特性）。 玻色子系统： 重点讨论玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚（BEC）的理论基础，解释为什么在临界温度以下，大量玻色子会占据最低的量子态，以及其在超流体现象中的体现。 本书的结构旨在引导读者，从对宏观现象的描述（力学）出发，逐步深入到微观粒子的概率分布（统计力学），最终建立起一个从微观到宏观的完整、自洽的物理学描述体系。每一章节都配有难度适中的例题和富有挑战性的习题，旨在培养读者利用分析工具解决复杂物理问题的能力。
作者简介
目录信息
Chapter 1
Kinematics
1-1 Core Material and Study Guide
1-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
1-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 2
Force and Motion
2-1 Core Material and Study Guide
2-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
2-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 3
Work and Energy
3-1 Core Material and Study Guide
3-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
3-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 4
Linear Momentum and Collisions
4-1 Core Material and Study Guide
4-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
4-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 5
Rotations of Rigid Body
5-1 Core Material and Study Guide
5-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
5-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 6
Special Relativity
6-1 Core Material and Study Guide
6-2 Physics in Practice
6-3 Problem-Solving Tactics
6-4 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 7
The Kinematic Theory of Gasses
7-1 Core Material and Study Guide
7-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
7-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 8
The First Law of Thermodynamics
8-1 Core Material and Study Guide
8-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
8-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 9
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
9-1 Core Material and Study Guide
9-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
9-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 10
Oscillations
10-1 Core Material and Study Guide
10-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
10-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 11
Waves
11-1 Core Material and Study Guide
11-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
11-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 12
Interference
12-1 Core Material and Study Guide
12-2 Physics in Practice
12-3 Problem-Solving Tactics
12-4 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 13
Diffraction
13-1 Core Material and Study Guide
13-2 Physics in Practice
13-3 Problem-Solving Tactics
13-4 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 14
Polarization
14-1 Core Material and Study Guide
14-2 Physics in Practice
14-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 15
Electric Charge
15-1 Core Material and Study Guide
15-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
15-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 16
Electric Field
16-1 Core Material and Study Guide
16-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
16-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 17
Gauss'Law
17-1 Core Material and Study Guide
17-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
17-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 18
Electric Potential
18-1 Core Material and Study Guide
18-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
18-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 19
Capacitors and Dielectrics
19-1 Core Material and Study Guide
19-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
19-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 20
Magnetic Field
20-1 Core Material and Study Guide
20-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
20-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 21
Magnetic Fields Due to Currents
21-1 Core Material and Study Guide
21-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
21-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 22
Magnetism of Matter
22-1 Core Material and Study Guide
22-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 23
Electromagnetic Induction
23-1 Core Material and Study Guide
23-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
23-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 24
Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic
Waves
24-1 Core Material and Study Guide
24-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 25
Wave－Particle Duality
25-1 Core Material and Study Guide
25-2 Further Understanding
25-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 26
Matter Waves
26-1 Core Material and Study Guide
26-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 27
Electrons in Atoms
27-1 Core Material and Study Guide
27-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 28
Electrons in Solids
28-1 Core Material and Study Guide
28-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 29
Nuclear Physics
29-1 Core Material and Study Guide
29-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 30
Elementary Particles
30-1 Core Material and Study Guide
30-2 Further Understanding
30-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Test One
Test Two
Test Three
Test Four
Answers to Test One
Answers to Test Two
Answers to Test Three
Answers to Test Four
Answers to Supplementary Problems
· · · · · · (收起)
Kinematics
1-1 Core Material and Study Guide
1-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
1-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 2
Force and Motion
2-1 Core Material and Study Guide
2-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
2-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 3
Work and Energy
3-1 Core Material and Study Guide
3-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
3-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 4
Linear Momentum and Collisions
4-1 Core Material and Study Guide
4-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
4-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 5
Rotations of Rigid Body
5-1 Core Material and Study Guide
5-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
5-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 6
Special Relativity
6-1 Core Material and Study Guide
6-2 Physics in Practice
6-3 Problem-Solving Tactics
6-4 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 7
The Kinematic Theory of Gasses
7-1 Core Material and Study Guide
7-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
7-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 8
The First Law of Thermodynamics
8-1 Core Material and Study Guide
8-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
8-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 9
The Second Law of Thermodynamics
9-1 Core Material and Study Guide
9-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
9-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 10
Oscillations
10-1 Core Material and Study Guide
10-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
10-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 11
Waves
11-1 Core Material and Study Guide
11-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
11-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 12
Interference
12-1 Core Material and Study Guide
12-2 Physics in Practice
12-3 Problem-Solving Tactics
12-4 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 13
Diffraction
13-1 Core Material and Study Guide
13-2 Physics in Practice
13-3 Problem-Solving Tactics
13-4 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 14
Polarization
14-1 Core Material and Study Guide
14-2 Physics in Practice
14-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 15
Electric Charge
15-1 Core Material and Study Guide
15-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
15-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 16
Electric Field
16-1 Core Material and Study Guide
16-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
16-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 17
Gauss'Law
17-1 Core Material and Study Guide
17-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
17-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 18
Electric Potential
18-1 Core Material and Study Guide
18-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
18-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 19
Capacitors and Dielectrics
19-1 Core Material and Study Guide
19-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
19-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 20
Magnetic Field
20-1 Core Material and Study Guide
20-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
20-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 21
Magnetic Fields Due to Currents
21-1 Core Material and Study Guide
21-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
21-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 22
Magnetism of Matter
22-1 Core Material and Study Guide
22-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 23
Electromagnetic Induction
23-1 Core Material and Study Guide
23-2 Problem-Solving Tactics
23-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 24
Maxwell's Equations and Electromagnetic
Waves
24-1 Core Material and Study Guide
24-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 25
Wave－Particle Duality
25-1 Core Material and Study Guide
25-2 Further Understanding
25-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 26
Matter Waves
26-1 Core Material and Study Guide
26-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 27
Electrons in Atoms
27-1 Core Material and Study Guide
27-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 28
Electrons in Solids
28-1 Core Material and Study Guide
28-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 29
Nuclear Physics
29-1 Core Material and Study Guide
29-2 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Chapter 30
Elementary Particles
30-1 Core Material and Study Guide
30-2 Further Understanding
30-3 Typical Samples
Supplementary Problems
Test One
Test Two
Test Three
Test Four
Answers to Test One
Answers to Test Two
Answers to Test Three
Answers to Test Four
Answers to Supplementary Problems
· · · · · · (收起)
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