Between April 1974 and November 1975 the
word s attention was gripped by political events
in a small country of nine million people which
had been all but ignored over the preceding
half-century. A comatose dictatorship was
overthrown by a handful of young, revolutionary
army captains, and western Europe s first
revolution since World War I1 was underway.
Within months, the military radicals, in alliance
with the Communist party, had deposed the
president they themselves had installed, and
had opened the floodgates of change. Farm
seizures, nationalizations and workers takeovers
swept the country, crippling the foundiations of
Portugal s old.fashioned economy. Portugal s
African empire was dissolved almost overnight.
As Ithe results of Portugal s first free elections,
held in April 1975, were derided by Portugal s
soldiers, the country seemed to be heading
toward a Nasser-style, left-wing army
dictatorship.
But in the summer of 1975 the large majority
of Portuguese who had voted for the country s
democratic parties rose up in a unique popular
explosion, which threatened to split the country
into two armed camps - the anti-Communist
north and center and the Communist south.
Civil war was averted only when the radical
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