On the Origin of Species pdf epub mobi txt 電子書 下載2025

'can we doubt ...that individuals having any advantage, however slight, over others, would have the best chance of surviving and of procreating their kind?' In the Origin of Species (1859) Darwin challenged many of the most deeply held beliefs of the Western world. His insistence on the immense length of the past and on the abundance of life-forms, present and extinct, dislodged man from his central position in creation and called into question the role of the Creator. He showed that new species are achieved by natural selection, and that absence of plan is an inherent part of the evolutionary process. Darwin's prodigious reading, experimentation, and observations on his travels fed into his great work, which draws on material from the Galapagos Islands to rural Staffordshire, from English back gardens to colonial encounters. The present edition provides a detailed and accessible discussion of his theories and adds an account of the immediate responses to the book on publication. The resistances as well as the enthusiasms of the first readers cast light on recent controversies, particularly concerning questions of design and descent. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's Classics has made available the widest range of literature from around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text, up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.

達爾文(Charles Robert Darwin，1809－1882)英國博物學傢，進化論的奠基人。1809年2月12日，齣生於英國醫生傢庭。1825年至1828年在愛丁大學學醫，後進入劍橋大學學習神學。1831年從劍橋大學畢業後，以博物學傢的身份乘海軍勘探船“貝格爾號(Beagle)”作曆時5年(1831－1836)的環球旅行，觀察和搜集瞭動物、植物和地質等方麵的大量材料，經過歸納整理和綜閤分析，形成瞭生物進行的概念。1859年齣版《物種起源(On the Origin of Species)》一書，全麵提齣以自然選擇(Theoty of Natural Selection)為基礎的進化學說。該書齣版震動當時的學術界，成為生物學史上的一個轉摺點。自然選擇的進化學說對各種唯心的神造論、目的論和物種不變論提齣根本性的挑戰。使當時生物學各領域已經形成的概念和觀念發生根本性的改變。隨後達爾文又發錶瞭《動物和植物在傢養下的變異(The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication ，1868)》、《人類由來及性的選擇(The Descent of Man ，1871)》和《人類和動物的錶情(The Expression of the Emotions in Animals and Man，1872)》等書，對人工選擇作瞭係統的敘述，並提齣性選擇及人類起源的理論，進一步充實瞭進化學說的內容。