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Mark M. Lowenthal’s trusted guide is the go-to resource for understanding how the intelligence community’s history, structure, procedures, and functions affect policy decisions. In the fully updated Eighth Edition of Intelligence, the author addresses cyber security and cyber intelligence throughout, expands the coverage of collection, comprehensively updates the chapters on nation-state issues and transnational issues, and looks at foreign intelligence services, both large and small.

Mark M. Lowenthal has over forty-four years of experience in U.S. intelligence. He has served as the Assistant Director of Central Intelligence for Analysis and Production, Vice Chairman for Evaluation on the National Intelligence Council, staff director of the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, office director and as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of State in the State Department′s Bureau of Intelligence and Research (INR), and Senior Specialist in U.S. Foreign Policy at the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress. He is now the President and CEO of the Intelligence & Security Academy, an education and consulting firm. Dr. Lowenthal received his BA from Brooklyn College and his PhD in history from Harvard University. He serves as an adjunct professor at the Johns Hopkins University; the National Intelligence University; Sciences Po (Paris); and the Norwegian Defence Intelligence School. He was an adjunct at Columbia University from 1993–2007.

Table of Contents


Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Preface
Acronyms
CHAPTER 1 - WHAT IS “INTELLIGENCE”?

WHY HAVE INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES?
WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE ABOUT?
KEY TERMS
FURTHER READINGS

CHAPTER 2 - THE DEVELOPMENT OF U.S. INTELLIGENCE

MAJOR THEMES
MAJOR HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
KEY TERMS
FURTHER READINGS
CHAPTER 3 - THE U.S. INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY

ALTERNATIVE WAYS OF LOOKING AT THE INTELLIGENCE
COMMUNITY
THE MANY DIFFERENT INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITIES
INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY RELATIONSHIPS THAT MATTER
THE INTELLIGENCE BUDGET PROCESS
KEY TERMS
FURTHER READINGS

CHAPTER 4 - THE INTELLIGENCE PROCESS—A MACRO LOOK: WHO
DOES WHAT FOR WHOM?

REQUIREMENTS
COLLECTION
PROCESSING AND EXPLOITATION
ANALYSIS AND PRODUCTION
DISSEMINATION AND CONSUMPTION
FEEDBACK
THINKING ABOUT THE INTELLIGENCE PROCESS
KEY TERMS
FURTHER READINGS
CHAPTER 5 - COLLECTION AND THE COLLECTION DISCIPLINES

OVERARCHING THEMES
STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES
CONCLUSION
KEY TERMS
FURTHER READINGS

CHAPTER 6 - ANALYSIS

MAJOR THEMES
ANALYTICAL ISSUES
INTELLIGENCE ANALYSIS: AN ASSESSMENT
KEY TERMS
FURTHER READINGS

CHAPTER 7 - COUNTERINTELLIGENCE

INTERNAL SAFEGUARDS
EXTERNAL INDICATORS AND COUNTERESPIONAGE
PROBLEMS IN COUNTERINTELLIGENCE
LEAKS
NATIONAL SECURITY LETTERS
CONCLUSION
KEY TERMS
FURTHER READINGS

CHAPTER 8 - COVERT ACTION

THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS
THE RANGE OF COVERT ACTIONS
ISSUES IN COVERT ACTION
ASSESSING COVERT ACTION
KEY TERMS
FURTHER READINGS

CHAPTER 9 - THE ROLE OF THE POLICY MAKER

THE U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY PROCESS
WHO WANTS WHAT?
THE INTELLIGENCE PROCESS: POLICY AND INTELLIGENCE
FURTHER READINGS
CHAPTER 10 - OVERSIGHT AND ACC0UNTABILITY

EXECUTIVE OVERSIGHT ISSUES
CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT
ISSUES IN CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT
INTERNAL DYNAMICS OF CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT
CONCLUSION
KEY TERMS
FURTHER READINGS

CHAPTER 11 - THE INTELLIGENCE AGENDA: NATION STATES

THE PRIMACY OF THE SOVIET ISSUE
THE EMPHASIS ON SOVIET MILITARY CAPABILITIES
THE EMPHASIS ON STATISTICAL INTELLIGENCE
THE “COMFORT” OF A BILATERAL RELATIONSHIP
COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION
INTELLIGENCE AND THE SOVIET PROBLEM
THE CURRENT NATION STATE ISSUE
KEY TERMS
FURTHER READINGS

CHAPTER 12 - THE INTELLIGENCE AGENDA: TRANSNATIONAL ISSUES
U.S. NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY AND INTELLIGENCE AFTER THE
COLD WAR
INTELLIGENCE AND THE NEW PRIORITIES
TERRORISM
PROLIFERATION
NARCOTICS
ECONOMICS
HEALTH AND THE ENVIRONMENT
PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS
NETWORK WARFARE (INFORMATION OPERATIONS)
DOMINANT BATTLEFIELD AWARENESS
CONCLUSION
KEY TERMS
FURTHER READINGS

CHAPTER 13 - ETHICAL AND MORAL ISSUES IN INTELLIGENCE

GENERAL MORAL QUESTIONS
ISSUES RELATED TO COLLECTION AND COVERT ACTION
ANALYSIS-RELATED ISSUES
OVERSIGHT-RELATED ISSUES
THE MEDIA
CONCLUSION
FURTHER READINGS

CHAPTER 14 - INTELLIGENCE REFORM

THE PURPOSE OF REFORM
ISSUES IN INTELLIGENCE REFORM
CONCLUSION
FURTHER READINGS

CHAPTER 15 - FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SERVICES

BRITAIN
CHINA
FRANCE
ISRAEL
RUSSIA
CONCLUSION
FURTHER READINGS
APPENDIX 1 - ADDITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHIC CITATIONS AND WEB SITES
APPENDIX 2 - MAJOR INTELLIGENCE REVIEWS OR PROPOSALS
Author Index
Subject Index
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